有机无机肥料配施对设施番茄产量及土壤养分含量的影响

Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers Combined Application on Yield and Soil Nutrient in Facility Tomatoes

为研究有机无机肥减量及其配施等措施对设施栽培番茄产量及土壤养分含量的影响。在设施栽培条件下,以番茄为试验材料,采用田间小区试验方法研究了有机无机肥减量及其配施等措施对番茄产量及土壤养分含量的影响。与传统有机肥施用量105.00×10^(3) kg/hm^(2)相比,有机无机配施较番茄传统施肥模式增产12.99%;施用有机肥减量25%,50%时,番茄产量较传统施用有机肥分别增产8.55%,8.84%,施用无机肥减量至50%,番茄产量显著降低。在番茄生长中期,有机肥和无机肥减量施肥处理中土壤中各养分含量差异不显著,而当有机肥减量25%,土壤中有机质含量、全氮含量、速效钾含量较传统施用有机肥模式分别增加1.41%,2.64%,10.34%;在番茄收获后,各施肥处理土壤中养分含量随施肥量减少而降低,无显著性差异;与番茄生长中期相比,有机无机配施处理0~20 cm,20~40 cm土壤中硝态氮含量分别由67.33,28.93 mg/kg增至90.95,40.66 mg/kg,40~60 cm土壤中硝态氮含量由21.40 mg/kg降至14.97 mg/kg,而60~80 cm和80~100 cm土层中硝态氮含量基本持平;随施氮量减少,土壤中硝态氮累积量降低,也降低其淋溶风险。与传统施用量105.00×10^(3) kg/hm^(2)相比,当地设施番茄施肥总量可降低25%~50%,并适当采用有机无机肥料配施,既可使番茄略微增产、降低土壤中硝酸盐淋溶风险,也能使土壤养分含量更适宜作物生长,维持土壤生产力。

To investigate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield and soil nutrient content in protected cultivation.Under the condition of facility cultivation,tomato field experiments were conducted to study the effect of the yield and soil nutrient content when reduced organic and inorganic fertilizers and combined the both application.Compared with the traditional organic fertilizer application amount of 105.00×10^(3) kg/ha,organic and inorganic combined application increased the yield by 12.99%,and the total fertilization of tomato could be reduced by 25% and 50%,it can make the yield of tomato was increased by 8.55% and 8.84%,when inorganic fertilizer was reduced to 50%,the yield decreased significantly.In the middle growth of tomato,there was no significantly difference between each treatments,but compared with the traditional application of organic fertilizer and when the organic fertilizer reduced 25%,organic matter content,total nitrogen content,available potassium content in soil respectively increased by 1.41%,2.64%,10.34%;after the harvest of tomato,soil nutrient content decreased with the amount of fertilizer decreased,no significant difference;Compared with the middle growth of tomato,the nitrate nitrogen content in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soils treat with organic and inorganic fertilizers increased from 67.33 mg/kg and 28.93 mg/kg to 90.95 mg/kg and 40.66 mg/kg,respectively,and the nitrate nitrogen content in the 40-60 cm soils decreased from 21.40 mg/kg to 14.97 mg/kg,while the nitrate nitrogen content in the 60-80 cm and 80-100 cm soil layers was basically the same;in all treatments after harvest,with the reduction of nitrogen application rate,the accumulation of nitrate in soil and leaching risk both decreased.Compared with the traditional organic fertilizer application amount of 105.00×10^(3) kg/ha,the local tomato fertilizer amount can be reduced by 25%-50%,and the appropriate use of organic fertilizers,which can not only make the tomato yield slightly and reducing nitrate leaching risk of soil,also can make the soil nutrient content is more suitable for crop growth and maintain soil productivity.