盐胁迫条件下木霉菌肥对小麦抗病性和土壤酶活性的影响

Effects of Trichoderma Fertilizer on Wheat Disease Resistance and Soil Enzyme Activity under Salt Stress

为探究盐胁迫条件下木霉菌肥对小麦生长、抗病性、产量以及土壤酶活性的影响。通过小区试验,采用木霉菌肥代替30%化肥与100%施用化肥2种施肥方式,在盐胁迫条件下测定了小麦品种西农979的株高、根长、根数、生理生化指标、病穗率、病情指数、防效、千粒质量和土壤酶活性。结果表明,盐胁迫条件下木霉菌肥的施用与化肥相比显著增加了小麦株高、根长和根数,增加值分别为10.91%,43.45%,42.86%。其次,盐胁迫条件下,施用木霉菌肥显著提高了小麦叶片的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性和叶绿素含量,同时丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))含量显著低于施用化肥的小麦。再者,施用木霉菌肥的小麦赤霉病的发病率显著低于施用化肥的小麦,对小麦赤霉病的防效达到了88.36%。千粒质量分析表明,施用木霉菌肥小麦籽粒的千粒质量与化肥相比增长了9.5%。另外,小麦根际和非根际的土壤酶活性研究表明,木霉菌肥提高了土壤的脲酶、蔗糖酶、脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性。总之,盐胁迫条件下,木霉菌肥通过提高小麦的抗氧化酶活性和叶绿素含量以及改善土壤的生态环境增强了小麦的抗病能力,从而增加了产量和提升了品质。

To explore the effects of Trichoderma fertilizer on wheat growth,disease resistance,yield and soil enzyme activities under salt stress.Plant height,root length,root number,physiological and biochemical indexs,diseased ears rate,disease index,control efficiency,thousand seeds weight and soil enzyme activity of Xinong 979 were measured under salt stress by using Trichoderma Fertilizer instead of 30% chemical fertilizer and using 100% chemical fertilizer.The results showed that compared with chemical fertilizer,the application of Trichoderma fertilizer significantly increased plant height,root length and root number of wheat by 10.91%,43.45% and 42.86% under salt stress,respectively.Secondly,under salt stress,the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)and content of chlorophyll in wheat leaves increased significantly after Trichoderma fertilizer application,while the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA)and hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))in wheat leaves were significantly lower than that of chemical fertilizer.Moreover,the incidence rate of Fusarium head blight in wheat after Trichoderma fertilizer application was significantly lower than that in wheat applied with chemical fertilizer,with the control efficiency of 88.36% to Fusarium head blight.The thousand grains weight of wheat grain increased by 9.5% after Trichoderma fertilizer application compared to control.In addition,the activities of soil enzymes including urease,sucrase,dehydrogenase,catalase,peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in wheat rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere were much higher after Trichoderma fertilizer application.In sum,under salt stress,Trichoderma fertilizer enhanced the disease resistance of wheat by increasing activities of antioxidant enzymes and chlorophyll content as well as improving the ecological environment of soil,subsequently increasing yield and improving quality of wheat grains.