曾巩的碑传理论及其传记的“平和”之意

Zeng Gong′s Stele Biography Theory and Plainness in Biography Works

曾巩对于碑传的理论认识不仅有着深厚的史学渊源,且与北宋诗文革新紧密相关。在《五朝国史》的纂修过程中,曾巩秉承中唐以来的史学传统,在历史书写中发掘可资借鉴的"史义"。在《南齐书目录序》《寄欧阳舍人书》等文章中,曾巩主张"析理明道"是碑传价值所在,择人立传是作者应遵守的基本原则。在《洪渥传》《徐复传》等作品中,曾巩提出"人之所易到"是解决纪事征实问题的关键,"平正中和"对于包括碑传、行状在内的传体文书写具有导向作用。曾巩碑传理论由史而涉文,并不局限于作家、作品之一端,对于扭转碑传好奇虚妄之倾向,提倡平易简淡之文风有着积极意义。

Zeng Gong′s knowledge about stele biography theory not only had a profound historiography origin,but also was closely related to the literature innovation in the Northern Song Dynasty.While compiling The History of Five Dynasties,Zeng Gong,taking the tradition of historiography since the Mid-Tang Dynasty,explored the history meaning which could be used for reference in writing history.In the articles such as The Preface of Nan Qi Shu and A Letter to Ouyang Xiu,Zeng Gong once believed that the value of stele biography lay in analyzing and clarifying philosophy and the basic principle of making a biography based on the selection of persons should be observed.In his works of The Biography of Hong Wo and The Biography of Xu Fu,Zeng believed that what everyone could do was the key to deal with the event record and levies collection,and fairness and neutralization played a guiding role in the writing of biographical texts including stele biography and brief biographical sketch.Zeng Gong′s stele biography theory involves historiography and literature,not confined to the writers and works,which is of positive significance for reversing the trend of the curiosity and vanity of stele biography and promoting the plain style of writing.