清代末期国资控股银行章程研究

A Study on the Charters of State-owned Banks at the End of Qing Dynasty

清代末期国资控股银行的章程对近代中国银行制度的发展具有开创性和奠基性的影响。本文综合研究了户部银行、大清银行和交通银行章程的形成背景与过程,指出清代末期国资控股银行体现了银行制度从个案文本向国家制度层面的发展,开启了国家金融治理的现代化,为近代中国金融制度建设提供了法治基础和实践经验。本文进而从股权结构、治理结构与业务经营(金融职能)三个层面,对三家银行的制度章程进行比较分析,研究银行制度的特征和异同,分析在政商关系下国资控股银行产生的内在逻辑和历史影响。

The charters of state-owned banks at the end of Qing Dynasty had a pioneering and foundational influence on the development of modern Chinese banking system. This paper comprehensively studies the background and formation of the Charters of Hubu Bank, Daqing Bank and Bank of Communications, which reflected the development of banking system from case text to national system level, started the modernization of national financial governance, and provided the basis of the rule of law together with practical experience. A comparative analysis of the institutional rules and regulations of the three banks is made from the three levels of ownership structure, governance structure, business operation and financial functions. The paper studies the characteristics and differences of the charters, and analyzes the internal logic and historical influence of the birth of Chinese State-owned banks under the relationship between government and business.