基于运行安全的原油库存经济性分析

Economic Analysis of Crude Oil Inventory Based on Operation Safety

中国海油H炼油厂拥有2200.0×10^(4)t/a原油加工能力、260×10^(4)m^(3)原油储存能力,可以接卸载货量(5~28)×10^(4)t油轮的30×10^(4)t原油码头,月度加工原油品种达到10余种,所有原油通过油轮运输到港,并经过原油码头接转输至厂内罐区,不同原油品种在常减压装置实现混合加工。由于炼油厂具有连续生产,并要维持较高经济负荷运行的特点,保持一定量的原油库存是其长期、稳定运行、满足客户对产品出厂需求的基础,但随着原油库存升高,资金占用成本及原油价格风险也相应增加。通过对H炼油厂原油采购、接卸和收储的综合成本进行测算分析,得到H炼油厂的原油经济订货批量为6.66×10^(4)t,原油有效库存是80.8×10^(4)t,对生产实际运行中降低生产成本及防范原油价格风险具有较强的指导意义。2021年9月由于油轮延迟到港造成原油库存降至最低只有60.87×10^(4)t,导致炼油装置负荷由100%紧急降至80%,直接效益损失1.06亿元,从而验证了原油库存不应低于80.8×10^(4)t的必要性。

CNOOC Refinery H has a crude oil processing capacity of 2200.0×10^(4)t/a,a crude oil storage capacity of 260×10^(4)m^(3),and a 30×10^(4)t crude oil terminal with a cargo capacity of(5~28)×10^(4)t,and more than10 kinds of crude oil are processed monthly.All crude oil is transported to the port by tanker and transferred to the tank farm in the plant,and various crude oil is processed mixedly by atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit.Since the refinery is characterized by continuous production and has to maintain a high eco-nomic load,maintaining a certain amount of crude oil inventory is the basis for its long-term and stable operation and meeting customers′demand for products ex-factory,but as the crude oil inventory rises,the capital cost and crude oil price risk also increase accordingly.Through estimation and analysis on the comprehen-sive cost of crude oil procurement,receiving and storage of RefineryH,we know the economic order lot of crude oil for RefineryH is 6.66×10^(4)t and the effective crude oil inventory is 80.8×10^(4)t,which has strong guiding significance for reducing production cost and preventing crude oil price risk in the actual operation of production.In September 2021,the crude oil inventory decreased to 60.87×10^(4)t only because of late tanker arrival,which led to the reduction of refinery unit load from 100%to 80%in an emergency and a direct benefit loss of 106 million yuan.It verifies the necessity that crude oil inventory should not be lower than80.8×10^(4)t.