我国刑法没有规定共同正犯——单一正犯体系的视角

There Is No Provision About Co-perpetrator in China’s Criminal Law

主张我国刑法也是采取区分制犯罪参与体系的论者,有的认为我国《刑法》第25条、也有的认为第26条是关于共同正犯的规定,并以此作为我国刑法采取区分制体系的重要法律依据。但是,我国《刑法》第25条、第26条均不是关于共同正犯的规定。不仅在这两个条文中找不到“共同正犯”或与之含义相同的词语,而且对这两个条文所指涉的犯罪参与人,也没有类似德、日刑法“依正犯处罚”的规定;况且,采取单一正犯体系的我国刑法,并不会有区分制体系的刑法所特有的那种关于共同正犯的规定。根本原因在于,区分制体系下须用共同正犯的规定和理念来解决的定罪处罚难题,在我国的单一正犯体系下并不存在。

Scholars who deem that China's Criminal Law adopts dividing system of crime participation regard Article 25 or Article 26 of Criminal Law as the provision about co-perpetrator as well as the vital legal basis of the reason why China’s Criminal Law adopts dividing system.However,neither Article 25 nor Article 26 is the provision about co-perpetrator.Furthermore,differing from Criminal Laws adopting dividing system,China's Criminal Law,which adopts unitary principal offender system,will not stipulate co-perpetrator.The basic reason is that different from dividing system,China's unitary principal offender system does not need to exert the theories of co-perpetrator to solve the problems of conviction and punishment.