基于叶片显微结构综合评价马铃薯不同品种的抗旱性

Comprehensive Evaluation of Drought Resistance of Different Potato Varieties Based on Leaf Microstructure

作为粮、菜、饲兼用型作物,马铃薯种植面积逐年增大,但受干旱的影响,干旱半干旱区产量低而不稳,种植抗旱品种是解决这一问题的主要途径之一。为研究以叶片解剖结构特征参数为主要指标的马铃薯抗旱性评价方法,以‘陇薯6号’‘陇薯10号’‘陇薯14号’和‘庄薯3号’为试验材料,采用石蜡制片法,应用光学显微技术对干旱条件下不同品种的叶片厚度、中脉厚度、叶片上下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度(栅海比)、栅栏组织结构紧密度(RT)和海绵组织结构疏松度(RL)、气孔密度和叶脉密度抗旱相关的叶片解剖结构特征参数进行测定和显著性分析,并利用隶属函数法对各品种的抗旱性进行了综合评价。结果表明,不同品种叶片厚度、中脉厚度、上下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、气孔密度和叶脉密度都具有明显的差异,但不同解剖结构参数与抗旱性之间没有绝对的相关性,单一指标并不能准确反映抗旱性的强弱。隶属函数法综合分析表明,4个品种的抗旱性从强到弱的顺序为‘庄薯3号’>‘陇薯10号’>‘陇薯6号’>‘陇薯14号’。

As a crop for food,vegetable and feed,the planting area of potato is increasing year by year,but due to drought,the yield in arid and semi-arid areas is low and unstable.Planting drought-resistant varieties is one of the main ways to solve this problem.In order to study the drought resistance evaluation method of potato with the characteristic parameters of leaf anatomical structure as the main index,four potato varieties’Longshu 6’,’Longshu 10’,’Longshu 14’and’Zhuangshu 3’were used as test materials,and the thickness of leaves,midrib,epidermis,palisade tissue and spongy tissue,stomata width and other drought-related characteristics of leaf anatomical structure parameters were determined by the methods of paraffin slice and optical microscopy.The ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue,the stomata density and the number of veins per unit length were calculated and analyzed.The drought resistance of each variety was evaluated by the membership function method.The results of significance analysis showed that there were large differences among the thickness of leaves,midrib,upper and lower epidermis,palisade tissue and spongy tissue,stomata width and vein density of different varieties.However,there was no consistent correlation between different anatomical parameters and drought resistance,and a single index could not completely represent the strength of drought resistance of different varieties.The results of membership function analysis showed that the drought resistance of each variety was shown as the followings:’Zhuangshu 3’>’Longshu 10’>’Longshu 6’>’Longshu 14’.