不同颜色地膜对春播马铃薯生长发育的影响

Effects of Different Color Mulching Films on Growth and Development of Spring Potato

马铃薯种植过程中,覆膜栽培早已成为常见的种植方式,对于地膜覆盖的研究,一直是科研工作者的研究重点。为研究不同颜色地膜对马铃薯生长发育及产量的影响,采用‘中薯5号’为试验材料,设置白色地膜、黑色地膜、黑白双色地膜处理,未覆膜为对照处理,对其膜下15 cm处土壤温度、出苗时间、农艺性状及收获产量进行测量。结果表明,不同颜色地膜处理对马铃薯出苗期有极显著影响,白色地膜处理出苗时间最短,相较于未覆膜提早5 d,覆盖黑色地膜较未覆膜延迟出苗4 d,黑白双色膜与未覆膜处理在出苗天数上无显著差异。在产量上,覆盖白色地膜产量最高,产量为2594 kg/667m2,较未覆膜处理增产24.35%。因此,在中原二季作区春播马铃薯生产中,建议采用白色地膜覆盖,可有效提早马铃薯出苗时间,提高产量与商品薯率,进而提高经济效益。

In potato production,the mulching film cultivation has been a common way,and the research of film mulch has always been a focus for researchers.In order to study the effects of different color mulching films on the growth,development and yield of potato,white mulching film,black mulching film,and black-and-white mulching film were set up as measurements and open field was as a control,using’Zhongshu 5’as the experimental material.The soil temperature at 15 cm under mulching film,sprouting time,agronomic characters and harvest yield were measured.The treatments of different color mulching films had highly significant effects on emergence.The emergence time of the white mulching film was the shortest,five days earlier than that of the open field.However,the emergence time of black mulching film was four days later than that of the open field.No significant difference was found between black-and-white mulching film and open field.In terms of yield,that of white mulching film was the highest,2594 kg/667 m2,which was increased by 24.35%compared with the open field.Therefore,in the spring sowing potato production in the two cropping region of the Central Plains,it is suggested that white plastic film mulching could effectively advance the emergence time of potato,improve the yield and the marketable tuber rate,and then improve the economic benefit.