生物炭有机肥对马铃薯主要性状及生产效益的影响

Effects of Biochar Organic Fertilizer on Potato Main Traits and Production Benefit

马铃薯生产中常常忽视有机肥的使用,为探讨生物炭有机肥对马铃薯生产的作用,以马铃薯品系‘0201-17’为试验材料,设不施肥(对照),常规施肥(45%高塔园林复合肥60 kg/667m^(2)+尿素10 kg/667m^(2)),常规施肥减量10%~50%分别替代30~70 kg/667m^(2)的生物炭有机肥(复合肥和生物炭有机肥为底肥、尿素为追肥),共7个处理,研究生物炭有机肥替代部分化肥对马铃薯性状产量和效益的影响。结果表明,常规施肥减施10%的处理T_(3),其肥料农学效率、商品薯率、块茎产量及扣除肥料成本后的产值均最高,分别达到38.99 kg/kg、83.43%、3290 kg/667m^(2)和3666.9元/667m^(2)。此试验条件下,马铃薯生产中,可在常规施肥水平上,减少化肥10%用量,补充生物炭有机肥30 kg/667m^(2),对肥料减量、产业增效等具有多重现实意义。

The use of organic fertilizer is often neglected in potato production.In order to explore the effect of biochar organic fertilizer on potato production,with no fertilization(control),conventional fertilization(45%Tower Garden compound fertilizer 60 kg/667m^(2)+urea 10 kg/667m^(2)),and the reduction of conventional fertilization by 10%-50%instead of 30-70 kg/667m^(2) biochar organic fertilizer,respectively(compound fertilizer and biochar organic fertilizer as base fertilizer and urea as supplement),a total of seven treatments were set to study the effects of biochar organic fertilizer replacing part of chemical fertilizer on potato characters,yields and benefits,using potato breeding line’0201-17as experimental materials.The fertilizer agronomic efficiency,marketable tuber percentage,tuber yield and output value after deducting fertilizer cost were the highest in treatment T_(3) with conventional fertilization reduced by 10%,reaching38.99 kg/kg,83.43%,3290 kg/667m^(2) and 3666.9 Yuan/667m^(2),respectively.Under the conditions of this experiment,in potato production,the chemical fertilizer application rate could be reduced by 10%at the level of conventiona fertilization,and the biochar organic fertilizer could be added by 30 kg/667m^(2),which has practical significances for fertilizer reduction and production benefit increase.