奶牛常用饲料中毒的预防与治疗

Prevention and Treatment of Feed Poisoning in Dairy Cows

随着牛肉制品和乳制品需求量的增多,我国养牛业规模也在逐渐增大,反刍动物饲料市场快速发展,从每年全国饲料质量安全监测结果来看,国内饲料产品总体合格率超90%。但个别散养户在奶牛养殖过程中,为降低成本,会给奶牛饲喂农业生产中的副产品,若加工或饲喂方法不当,会引起奶牛中毒,威胁乳制品安全。从其生产中常用的农副产品来看,主要包括玉米、马铃薯、棉籽饼、白菜、萝卜和地瓜等,但是采摘时节不对、贮存条件不合理、饲喂前未进行检查等,奶牛会因食用变质饲料而损害瘤胃和整个机体健康。由于这种饲料源性中毒往往引发急性症状,若养殖人员经验不丰富或日常护理不当,会造成奶牛死亡,严重影响养殖效益。鉴于此,本文对奶牛常用饲料的中毒症状、治疗方法和预防措施进行概述,以期提高奶牛饲料安全性,促进我国奶牛养殖业健康发展。

With the increasing demand for beef and milk products,the scale of China's cattle industry has gradually increased,and the ruminant feed market has developed rapidly.From the annual national feed quality and safety monitoring results,the overall qualified rate of domestic feed products exceeds 90%.However,in the process of dairy farming,individual free range farmers will feed dairy cows with by-products in agricultural production in order to reduce costs.If the processing or feeding methods are improper,dairy cows will be poisoned and the safety of dairy products will be threatened.From the perspective of agricultural and sideline products commonly used in its production,they mainly include corn,potato,cottonseed cake,Chinese cabbage,radish and sweet potato.However,due to incorrect picking time,unreasonable storage conditions and no inspection before feeding,dairy cows will damage rumen and the health of the whole body due to eating deteriorated feed.Because this feed borne poisoning often causes acute symptoms,if the breeding personnel are not experienced or improper daily care,it will cause the death of dairy cows and seriously affect the breeding efficiency.In view of this,this paper summarized the poisoning symptoms,treatment methods and preventive measures of common feed for dairy cows,in order to improve the safety of feed for dairy cows and promote the healthy development of dairy farming in China.