民族地区农户生计策略调整及影响因素分析

Analysis on the adjustment of peasant household livelihood strategy in minority areas and its influencing factors

基于贵州省平塘县和云南省大理市的301户农户调查数据,借助可持续生计框架理论,构建模型对农户生计策略调整及其影响因素进行研究。结果表明,民族地区农户生计策略类型主要为本地多元农业型、本地务工经商型、外出就业发展型、两地兼业保守型。农户住宅面积、家庭劳动力数量、家庭整体教育水平、年龄水平、道路交通数量是影响民族地区农户生计策略调整的关键因素,除年龄水平以外,其他4项影响因素皆为促进农户生计策略向多元化变动的正向驱动因素。要加大农村教育投入力度,增加专业技能培训受众;地方政府要完善基础设施建设,加大产业投入力度;大力发展民族地区旅游业,推动农村与第三产业深度融合;加强基层组织建设,完善乡村治理体系。

Based on Pingtang county in Guizhou province and survey data of 301 peasant households of Dali city in Yunnan province,with the aid of sustainable livelihood framework theory,build the model of farmers livelihood strategies and their influence factors were studied,the results showed that the ethnic minority areas for local farmers livelihood strategy types are mainly diversified agriculture,local workers in business type,on development,employment and development conservative. The housing area of farmers,the number of family labor force,the overall education level of families,the age level and the number of road traffic are the key factors affecting the adjustment of farmers′ livelihood strategy in ethnic minority areas. Except for the age level,the other four influencing factors are all positive driving factors for promoting the livelihood transformation of local diversified agricultural farmers. Therefore,increasing the investment in rural education and increase the audience of professional skills training. Local governments should improve infrastructure construction and increase industrial investment;developing tourism in minority areas and promote the deep integration of rural areas and the tertiary industry vigorously.