山西省畜禽养殖粪尿及养分含量时空分布特征

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Manure and Nutrient Contents in Livestock and Poultry Breeding in Shanxi Province

根据迄今为止有记载的1987—2019年山西省畜牧业统计年鉴数据,从畜禽养殖数量规模及产污情况等方面简述山西省畜禽养殖业近年来的发展,采用排泄系数法估算畜禽粪尿产生量及其主要污染物含量的变化,分析了山西省不同种类畜禽养殖粪尿养分时空格局及演化特征。结果表明,近30 a来,山西省畜禽养殖规模整体呈现阶段性上升趋势,分为1987—1996年全面发展期、1997—2006年结构调整期、2007—2014年发展方式转变期和2015年之后恢复增长期这4个时期;2007—2019年间,空间上由原来的南北高中间少变化为各地市分布均匀,太原市、阳泉市畜牧业不发达,畜禽养殖规模整体较小;将牛、家禽的养殖数量折算为猪当量后,山西省近30 a来牛的占比呈下降趋势,从63.8%降至31.4%,猪、家禽占比呈缓慢上升趋势;1987—2006年间,山西省畜禽养殖粪尿产生量年均达到3000.47万t,2007—2019年间,年均仅为2030.79万t,且近30 a来牛粪产生量最大;全省畜禽粪尿中COD、BOD、NH_(3)-N、TN、TP含量年际变化趋势同畜禽养殖规模相似,全省畜禽粪尿中COD产生量均保持最高,年平均产生量64.3万t,占污染物产生总量的45.3%;TP产生量最低,平均仅占总量的2.5%;太原市、阳泉市由于畜牧业不发达,畜禽粪尿中养分产生量最低。运城市畜禽养殖业发展迅速,在推进产业结构调整时应侧重生猪和家禽的养殖总量及粪污控制工作。

Based on the recorded data from Shanxi Animal Husbandry Statistical Yearbook from 1987 to 2019,in this article,development of livestock and poultry breeding industry in Shanxi province in recent years was briefly described from the scale of livestock and poultry breeding and pollution production.Changes in the amount of livestock and poultry manure and the contents of main pollutants were estimated by excretion coefficient method,temporal and spatial patterns and evolution characteristics of different types of livestock and poultry manure nutrients in Shanxi province were analyzed.The results showed that in the past 30 years,the scale of livestock and poultry breeding in Shanxi province showed a phased upward trend as a whole,which colud be divided into four periods:the full development period(from 1987-1996),the structure adjustment period(from 1997-2006),the developmental meausure change period(from 2007-2014),and the recovery growth period(after 2015).Between 2007 and 2009,spatially,the original situation of more in north and south but less in middle was changed into even distribution in all cities.Animal husbandry were underdeveloped,and the overall scale of livestock and poultry breeding was small in Taiyuan city and Yangquan city.By converting cattle and poultry amounts into pig equivalent,the proportion of cattle in Shanxi province in the past 30 years showed a downward trend,from 63.8%to 31.4%,and the proportion of pigs and poultry showed a slow upward trend.From 1987 to 2006,the average annual output of livestock and poultry manure and urine in Shanxi province reached 30.0047 million tons.From 2007 to 2019,the average annual output was only 20.3079 million tons,and the output of cattle manure was the largest in recent 30 years.The annual variation trend of COD,BOD,NH_(3)-N,TN and TP in livestock and poultry manure and urine in the province was similar to that of livestock and poultry breeding scale.The production of COD in manure and urine remained the highest,with an average annual production of 643000 t,accounting for 45.3%of the total pollutant production.TP production was the lowest,accounting for only 2.5%of the total on average.Because of underdeveloped animal husbandry,the nutrient production in livestock and poultry manure was the lowest in Taiyuan City and Yangquan City.The livestock and poultry breeding industry in Yuncheng developed rapidly.When promoting adjustment of industrial structure,emphasis should be placed on the total amount of pigs and poultry and manure control.