螳螂川流域土壤中氯离子富集对农作物生长发育的影响

Effects of Chloride Ion Enrichment in Soil onthe Growth and Developmentof Crops in the Tanglangchuan River Basin

为研究螳螂川流域氯离子对其周边农作物生长发育的影响,在选定流域内设置20个采样点,分别于4月和8月进行土壤和植物采样,测定氯离子含量。采用萌发试验和盆栽试验研究了不同氯离子浓度对螳螂川流域主要农作物玉米和蚕豆的生长影响。主要测量了玉米和蚕豆的种子萌发率、生物量、根系活力、叶片膜伤害程度、丙二醛含量、叶绿素含量和植物对氯离子的富集能力。结果表明4月和8月土壤氯离子平均含量分别为53.80mg/kg和36.62mg/kg,高于背景值普通土壤含量,且工厂附近采样点的土壤氯离子浓度明显比其它采样点高;玉米和蚕豆的各项生理指标在氯离子浓度为100~400mg/kg时基本正常;在土壤氯离子浓度为200mg/kg时,玉米种子萌发率较好,而蚕豆种子萌发率最好的浓度为800mg/kg;综合其它各项生理指标可知,蚕豆较玉米表现出更好的氯离子耐受性。结合现场植物和土壤采样分析,螳螂川流域内土壤氯离子存在富集现象,但尚未达到影响主要作物生产的程度。

In order to study the effects of chloride ions on the growth and development of the surrounding crops in the Tanglangchuan River basin,20 sampling sites were set up in the basin.Soil and plant samples were taken in April and August,respectively,to determine the content of chloride ions.Germination test and pot experiment were used to study the effects of different chloride ion concentration on the growth of maize and broad bean,the main crops in the Tanglangchuan River basin.Seed germination rate,biomass,root activity,leaf membrane damage,malondialdehyde content,Chlorophyll a content and hlorophyll B from spinach enrichment ability of maize and broad bean were measured.The results showed that the average content of chloride ions in soil in April and August were 53.80 mg/kg and 36.62mg/kg,respectively,which were higher than the background value of common soil,and the concentration of chloride ions in soil near the factory was significantly higher than that in other sampling sites.The physiological indexes of corn and broad bean were normal when chloride ion concentration was 100~400 mg/kg.When the chloride ion concentration was 200 mg/kg,the germination rate of maize seed was better,and the best concentration of broad bean seed was 800 mg/kg.The results showed that broad bean indicated better chloride ion tolerance than corn.Combined with the analysis of plant and soil samples,the soil chloride ions in the Tanglangchuan River basin were enriched,but not to the extent of affecting the production of main crops.