数据时代美国iSchools图书情报专业课程调查与思考

Investigation and Inflection on the LIS Curriculum of U.S.iSchools in the Data Era

[目的/意义]大数据技术的兴起、数据密集型范式的确立推动着图情专业教育向数据时代转变。在此背景下,重启2014年的调查,比较分析美国iSchools院校图书情报专业培养方案与课程设置的发展变化,并为我国提供借鉴。[方法/过程]选取美国2021年排名前10的iSchools图书情报专业,对其培养目标和课程设置进行调查和编码分析,并与2014年的调查结果进行对比。[结果/结论]研究发现,iSchools院校图书情报专业课程强调以学习收获为目标的反向设计思路,课程设置灵活、多样、新颖,教学培养方式自由与约束兼备,选课指导针对性强。对我国的借鉴表现为:培养理念上强化职业导向与社会导向,提高课程设置自由度,紧跟前沿发展、更新课程内容,丰富实践教学形式,提升选课指导水平。

[Purpose/significance]The development of the big data technology and the establishment of the data-intensive paradigm,the so-called the“fourth paradigm”,are promoting the transformation of LIS education from the digital era to the data era.In this context,we restarted the 2014 survey to compare and analyze the development and changes of goals and curriculum of LIS programs in the U.S.,and provided a reference for the LIS education in China.[Method/process]The paper selected the LIS programs in the top 10 iSchools in the U.S.in 2021,and conducted an investigation and coding analysis of their training goals and curriculum settings,and compared them with the investigation results in 2014.[Result/conclusion]The study found that learning outcome of students is emphasized,the education objective focuses on discipline-oriented,professional-oriented and social development-oriented;compared with 2014,curriculum keeps stable to some extent while changes has happened:the number of data science,health informatics,and digital humanities courses increases both in the theoretical and technical category obviously.In general,the characteristics of LIS curriculum in U.S top 10 iSchools could be summarized as follows:learning outcome-oriented design concept,the flexibility,diversity,and novelty of the curriculum design,the freedom and restriction of teaching and training methods,and the highly targeted guidance of course selection.The reference to our country is as follows:strengthening the professional and social orientation in the cultivation concept,improving the freedom of curriculum design,keeping up with the cutting-edge development and updating the curriculum content,enriching the practice teaching methods,and improving the level of course selection guidance.