精浆外泌体的转运机制及生物学功能研究进展

Advances in Transport Mechanism and Biological Function of Seminal Plasma Exosomes

精浆外泌体是由雄性性腺及副性腺上皮细胞分泌至雄性生殖道中,直径为30~100 nm的膜性小囊泡,其构成精子发育的主要环境,是精子成熟过程中不可或缺的一部分。精浆外泌体中富含蛋白质、脂质、核酸等物质,这些物质通过独特的转运机制被运送至精子表面以促进精子形态与功能的完善,精浆外泌体在提高精子活力、抑制精子提前获能、抗精子氧化等方面具有显著效果。本文主要阐述了精浆外泌体的分泌、转运机制及其在雄性生殖中发挥的多种生物学功能,为其进一步研究提供参考。

Seminal plasma exosomes are membrane vesicles with a diameter of 30~100 nm secreted into the male reproductive tract by the epithelial cells of male gonads and accessory gonads.They constitute the primary environment for sperm development and are an integral part of sperm maturation.Seminal plasma exosomes are rich in proteins,lipids,nucleic acids and other substances.These substances are transported to the sperm surface through a unique transport mechanism to promote the perfection of sperm morphology and function,and sperm plasma exosomes have significant effects on improving sperm motility,inhibiting premature sperm capacitation and anti-sperm oxidation.This paper focuses on the secretion and transport mechanisms of seminal plasma exosomes and their various biological functions in male reproduction,and provides references for their further study。