苯甲酸和精油组合对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肠道微生物的影响

Effects of Benzoic Acid and Essential Oil Blend on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Intestinal Microbiota of Broilers

试验旨在研究苯甲酸和精油组合对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肠道微生物的影响。选取540只1日龄Ross 308肉公鸡,随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组在基础日粮中添加10 mg/kg维吉尼亚霉素,苯甲酸+精油组在基础日粮基础上添加300 mg/kg苯甲酸和精油混合物。试验期37 d。结果表明:1~14日龄,与对照组相比,抗生素组和苯甲酸+精油组对肉鸡生长性能的影响均不显著;15~24日龄,抗生素组和苯甲酸+精油组24日龄肉鸡体重均高于对照组(P>0.05),二者对15~24日龄耗料增重比未有影响;25~37日龄,抗生素组耗料增重比最低(1.65),苯甲酸和精油组合对该阶段肉鸡生长性能的改善作用不显著;1~37日龄,抗生素组肉鸡出栏体重最高(2726.78 g),耗料增重比最低(1.46),而苯甲酸和精油组合对肉鸡出栏体重和耗料增重比的影响不显著;各处理肉鸡胸肌率、腿肌率及免疫器官指数差异不显著;门水平上,肉鸡肠道微生物中相对丰度最高的4个门类分别为厚壁菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门以及拟杆菌门,不同组间门水平上的菌群丰度无显著差异,但苯甲酸+精油组厚壁菌门丰度高于维吉尼亚霉素组(98.97%vs.82.14%)(P>0.05);属水平上,抗生素和苯甲酸+精油组降低了肉鸡肠道中不动杆菌属的相对丰度(P=0.05);与抗生素组相比,苯甲酸+精油组能降低肠杆菌属的丰度(P<0.05),提高乳酸杆菌丰度33.5%(P>0.05)。综上所述,使用苯甲酸和精油组合对肉鸡生长和屠宰性能无不利影响,能提高厚壁菌门和乳杆菌属丰度,降低不动菌属和肠杆菌属丰度,改善肠道微生物结构。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of benzoic acid and essential oil blend on growth performance,slaughter performance and intestinal microflora of broilers.A total of 540 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into three treatments.Treatment 1 was control group,with the basal corn-soybean meal diets,treatment 2 was the antibiotic group,adding 10 mg/kg virginiamycin in diet on the basis of treatment 1,treatment 3 was the benzoic acid and essential oil treatment group,adding a mixture of benzoic acid and essential oil in diet on the basis of treatment 1.There were 6 replicates in each treatment and 30 chickens in each replicate.The experiment lasted 37 d.The results showed that the effect of antibiotic and benzoic acid and essential oil on the growth performance were not significant(P>0.05).Birds in antibiotic group or benzoic acid and essential oil group had higher body weight than the control group from 15 to 24 d.Meanwhile,birds in antibiotics group had the lowest F/G from 25 to 37 d(P>0.05),the combination of benzoic acid and essential oil had no significant improvement on growth performance of broilers at this phase(P>0.05).From 1 to 37 d,birds in virginiamycin group had the highest body weight(2726.78 g),and the lowest F/G(1.46);the combination of benzoic acid and essential oil had no significant effect on the broiler body weight and F/G(P>0.05).Meanwhile,there were no significant differences in breast and thigh relative rate,as well as immune organ index among the treatments(P>0.05).The relative higher abundance of four phylum of intestinal microorganisms were Firmicutes,Proteus,Actinomycetes and Bacteroides.There was no significant difference in the abundance of bacteria at the phylum level among different treatments(P>0.05).The abundance of Firmicutes in benzoic acid and essential oil group was higher than that of antibiotic group(98.97%vs.82.14%)(P=0.07).At genus level,antibiotic and benzoic acid and essential oil group reduced the relative abundance of Acinetobacter(P=0.05).Compared with antibiotic,the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in benzoic acid and essential oil group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the abundance of Lactobacillus was increased by 33.5%(P=0.07).Combination of benzoic acid and essential oil had no adverse effect on growth and slaughter of broilers,but decreased the abundance of Acinetobacter and Enterobacteriaceae,increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus,thus improved the intestinal microflora structure.