“党规党纪严于国家法律”正当性阐释的理论补强——基于权力运行制约的视角

Theoretical Reinforcement of the Justification of“Party Rules and Disciplines Are Stricter than State Laws”——From the Perspective of Power Operation Restriction

既有对"党规党纪严于国家法律"正当性的研究多采取"以权利限制为中心"的视角,其研究结论面临着传统公法学理论体系中基本权利保障目标的诘难,因而呈现出理论诠释力不足的困境。为消解这一困境,应通过"从现象到目的"的研究视角转换,以党中央的政策表述和以《中国共产党纪律处分条例》为代表的党规党纪规范意涵为依据,探寻党中央提出"党规党纪严于国家法律"之目的,从而引入权力运行制约的研究视角,以进一步补强现有理论阐释之不足。在权力运行制约视角下,"党规党纪严于国家法律"的正当性主要体现为,为加强对权力运行的制约和监督,中国共产党要求其党员尤其是领导干部遵守较国法更为严格的党规党纪,从而确保党员领导干部正确行使公权力,避免权力滥用。对"党规党纪严于国家法律"限度之判断,应在因循比例原则要求的基础上,将对公权力运行之约束作为这一论断欲实现的目的之一纳入"手段-目的"平衡之考量。

Existing research on the justification of“Party regulations and party discipline are stricter than state laws”mostly adopt the perspective of“rights restriction as the center”,and the conclusions are not sufficiently justified due to the challenges from the the goal of basic rights protection in the traditional theoretical system of public law.Therefore,in order to reinforce those justifications,it is necessary to switch the research perspective“from phenomenon to purpose”,explore the purpose of this proposed based on the policy expression of the CPC Central Committee and the meaning of party regulations and party discipline norms represented by the“Regulations on Disciplinary Action of the Communist Party of China”.From the perspective of restricting the operation of power,the legitimacy of“Party regulations and disciplines are stricter than state laws”is mainly reflected in the fact that in order to strengthen the restriction and supervision of the operation of power,the Communist Party of China requires its party members,especially leading cadres,to abide by party rules that are stricter than state laws,so as to ensure that party members and leading cadres exercise public power correctly and avoid abuse of power.Judgment on the limit of“Party rules and disciplines are stricter than state laws”should be based on the principle of proportionality,and the constraints on the operation of public power should be considered as one of the goals to be achieved by this judgment.