8540例妊娠妇女红细胞血型不规则抗体筛查及特异性分析

Prenatal screening and specificity analysis of irregular antibodies of erythrocyte blood type in pregnant women

目的分析妊娠妇女红细胞血型不规则抗体的分布特点及抗体类型,为提高输血安全和预防新生儿溶血病提供依据。方法选择2019年1月至2020年10月于漯河市中心医院进行孕检的8540例妊娠妇女为研究对象,使用抗人球蛋白检测卡对妊娠妇女标本进行不规则抗体筛查,结果阳性者用谱细胞检测不规则抗体的特异性,巯基试剂检测不规则抗体Ig类型。结果 8540例妊娠妇女中74例(0.87%)不规则抗体阳性,主要为Rh血型系统(52例,70.27%),MNS血型系统(15例,20.27%)、Lewis血型系统(6例,8.11%);有输血史妊娠妇女不规则抗体阳性率高于无输血史(P<0.05);妊娠≥3次组血清不规则抗体阳性率高于2次妊娠组、1次妊娠组和无妊娠史组(P<0.05);孕晚期不规则抗体检出率(0.47%)高于孕中期(0.27%)、孕早期(0.13%)(P<0.05);检出的52例Rh血型系统不规则抗体中,22例(42.31%)抗体效价≤2。结论漯河地区妊娠妇女红细胞血型不规则抗体阳性率为0.87%,主要为Rh血型系统,其次为MNS血型系统和Lewis血型系统,妊娠妇女进行不规则抗体筛查可提高输血安全,预防、减少新生儿溶血病的发生。

Objective To observe the distribution characteristics of prenatal screening and specificity analysis of irregular antibodies of erythrocyte blood type in 8540 pregnant women. Methods From January 2019 to October 2020, 8540 pregnant women who were examined during pregnancy in Luohe Central Hospital were selected, the samples of all pregnant women were screened for irregular antibody by microcolumn gel method, and the positive results of irregular antibody specificity were identified by spectral cell, the Ig types were detected by sulfhydryl reagent. Results Among 8540 pregnant women, a total of 74 were positive, the positive rate of irregular antibody was 0.87%, mainly Rh blood group system(52 cases, 70.27%), MNS blood group system(15 cases, 20.27%), Lewis blood group system(6 cases, 8.11%). The positive detection rate in pregnant women with blood transfusion history was higher than that in no blood transfusion history(P<0.05). The positive rate of irregular antibody in pregnant women with pregnancy history for three or more than three times was higher than those in pregnant women with pregnancy history for one time, two times and without pregnancy history(P<0.05). The positive of irregular antibody in the late pregnancy(0.47%) was higher than that of early pregnancy(0.13%) and middle pregnancy(0.27%)(P<0.05).Among 52 pregnant women who were detected irregular antibody of Rh blood group system, 22 pregnant women(42.31%)with antibody titer≤2. Conclusion In Luohe area, the irregular antibody positive rate of erythrocyte blood type was 0.87%, main including Rh blood group system, followed by the MNS blood group system and Lewis blood group system, prenatal screening of irregular antibody of erythrocyte blood group in pregnant women can ensure the safety of blood transfusion, and prevent, reduce the risk of hemolytic disease of newborn.