外泌体在肝脏损伤中的研究进展

Advance in study of exosomes in liver injury

外泌体是膜衍生的纳米级的囊泡,携带着大量的蛋白质、核酸、脂质和代谢产物等,能够被大多数细胞释放和摄取。在各种类型肝脏损伤的状态下,外泌体在持续分泌的同时,其内容物可能发生定性和定量的变化,再将生物信息传递给邻近或者远距离受体细胞后,可引发受体细胞相关通路的改变,从而加速或者延缓肝脏疾病的发生发展,并对机体其它远处器官产生影响,在细胞通讯中有着不可或缺的作用。该篇综述报道了外泌体的生物学特征,强调了其在肝脏损伤中扮演的不同角色。

Exosomes are membrane-derived nanoscale vesicles,carrying a large number of proteins,nucleic acids,lipids and metabolites,etc.,which can be released and ingested by most cells.In the case of various types of liver injury,while exosomes continue to secrete,their contents may undergo qualitative and quantitative changes.After the biological information is transmitted to the adjacent or distant receptor cells by exosomes,the receptor cell-related pathways can be changed,thus accelerating or delaying the occurrence and development of liver diseases,and influencing other distant organs of the body.It plays an indispensable role in cell communication.This review reports the biological characteristics of exosomes,highlighting their different roles in liver injury.