膜技术在回收电镀废水中金属离子的应用研究进展

Application Research Progress of Membrane Technology in Recycle of Metal Ions from Electroplating Wastewater

近年来电镀行业蓬勃发展,每年平均废水总排放量占工业废水总排放量的20%左右,电镀废水中主要含有铬、镍、铜、锌等重金属污染物。膜分离技术具备分离精度高、出水水质好,无二次污染、工艺简单等特点,能够高效处理电镀废水并回收其中有价值的金属离子,实现废水资源化利用,因此在电镀废水处理中得到广泛应用。本文针对电镀废水中的铬、镍、铜、锌等主要金属离子,结合国内外近年文献,介绍了主要膜分离技术如微滤、超滤、纳滤、反渗透、电渗析、液膜等在处理电镀废水中不同金属离子的应用研究进展,最后提出膜分离技术在电镀废水处理中存在的问题并对其发展进行了展望。

In recent years,the electroplating industry has developed vigorously.The average annual total discharge of electroplating wastewater accounts for about 20%for the total industrial wastewater.The electroplating wastewater mainly contains heavy metal pollutants such as chromium,nickel,copper,zinc,and cadmium.Owning to the characteristics of high separation precision,good effluent quality,no secondary pollution and simple process for membrane separation technology,it has been widely used for recycling valuable metal ions from the electroplating wastewater to realize the utilization of wastewater resources.Aiming at the chromium,nickel,copper,and zinc metal ions electroplating wastewater,the application research progress of main membrane technologies(e.g.microfiltration,ultrafiltration,nanofiltration,reverse osmosis,electrodialysis and liquid membrane etc.)for the above metal ions recycling would be introduced in this paper.Finally,the problems of membrane technology in electroplating wastewater treatment were put forward and its development was prospected.