反义词“爱”“恨”的不对称现象研究

A Study on the Asymmetry of Antonyms“Love”and“Hate”

反义词存在很多不对称现象,具体体现在意义、构词和句法等多个层面。论文发现“爱”的义项数量、构词数量远多于“恨”;“爱”的偏正类型构词数量最多,“恨”的联合型构词最多。句法层面表现为在状中结构、动宾结构中具有差异。其原因包括语言的经济性原则、极性反义义场中反义关系具有不唯一性,以及交际默认的“礼貌原则”和“得体原则”等。

There are many asymmetries in antonyms,which are reflected in the meaning,morphology and syntax.The paper found that"love"has a much higher number of meanings and word constructions than"hate";"Love"has the highest number of modifier-core constructions while"hate"has the highest number of paratactic constructions.Their syntactic differences are found in the gerund structure and the verb-object structure.This is due to the principle of economy of language,the nonuniqueness of antonymy in the polar antonymy semantic field,and the"Politeness Principle"and"Tact Maxim"in communication.