国际私法中“强制性规定”的内涵辨析——以《涉外民事关系法律适用法》的文本为视角

Analysis of the Connotation of“Mandatory Rules”in Private International Law——From the Perspective of Law of the People's Republic of China on Choice of Law forForeign-related Civil Relationships

《涉外民事关系法律适用法》中存在两个“强制性规定”的用语,因涉及法律适用的一般问题,混淆二者将会直接导致法律适用的错误,因此,正确区分二者是处理涉外民事案件的基础。其中,前者是“直接适用的法”制度中的“强制性规定”、后者是作为法律规避对象的“强制性规定”。此二者并非具有同一内涵,前一个“强制性规定”是具有域外效力、保护一国对外公共利益、具体表现为经济法规范的“国际强制性规定”;后一个“强制性规定”是具有严格属地性、主要保护国内公共利益的“国内强制性规定”。二者的具体区别体现在规范内容、公益要素及适用方式上。

There are two“mandatory rules”in the Law of the People's Republic of China on Choice of Law for Foreign-related Civil Relationships,confusing them will directly lead to errors in the application of the law.Therefore,the correct distinction between them is the basis of handling foreign-related civil cases.The former is the“mandatory rules”in the“Loi d’application immediate”system,and the latter is the“mandatory rules”as the object of evasion of law.They do not involve the same content.The former is“international mandatory rules”that have extraterritorial effects,protecting a country's external public interests,and are embodied as economic laws.The latter is“domestic mandatory rules”that have strict territoriality and mainly protect domestic public interests.They are different in the legal content,public interests and application methods.