奉化水鸭胸肌肉质及营养成分分析

Analysis of the quality and nutrient composition of the breast muscle Fenghua water duck

通过测定120日龄的奉化水鸭胸肌的肉品质、营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量,揭示其肉品特性。结果:奉化水鸭胸肌肉色亮度值(L*)、红度值(a*)、黄度值(b*)分别为29.42,14.63和1.25,pH值、失水率和剪切力分别为5.94,30.46%和22.38 N,其中:公鸭胸肌的pH值和剪切力均极显著低于母鸭(P<0.01),肉色(L^(*)、a^(*)、b^(*))和系水力在性别间差异不显著(P>0.05)。胸肌中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分含量分别平均为22.96%、1.99%和73.41%,在性别间差异不显著(P>0.05)。胸肌中鲜味氨基酸含量平均为7.93%,占总氨基酸(TAA)的37.91%;必需氨基酸(EAA)含量平均为7.91%,占TAA的37.82%,EAA与非必需氨基酸(NEAA)比率为60.86%。肌肉中共检测到17种脂肪酸,其中必需脂肪酸(EFA)占总脂肪酸(TFA)的19.39%,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)含量占TFA的64.31%。大多数氨基酸和脂肪酸含量在性别间差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上表明,奉化水鸭肌肉蛋白质含量高、氨基酸组成合理,鲜味氨基酸、EFA、UFA含量丰富,具有较高营养价值和较好的风味。

In this experiment,the meat quality,nutrition composition,amino acid and fatty acid content of the breast muscle of the 120-day-old Fenghua water ducks were determined to reveal its meat characteristics.The results showed that the flesh color indices(L^(*),a^(*),b^(*))were 29.42,14.63 and 1.25,respectively;and the pH value,driage and shear force were 5.94,30.46%,22.38 N,respectively.The pH value and shear force of the breast muscle of the males were significantly lower than those of the females(P<0.01).However,there was no significant difference between the two sexes in flesh color(L^(*),a^(*),b^(*))and driage(P>0.05).The crude protein,crude fat and water content in all the breast tissue were 22.96%,1.99%and 73.41%,respectively,with no significant difference between the two sexes(P>0.05).The content of delicious amino acids in the breast tissue was 7.93%,accounting for 37.91%of the total amino acid(TAA).The content of essential amino acids(EAA)was 7.91%,accounting for 37.82%of the TAA,and the ratio of EAA to non-essential amino acids(NEAA)was 60.86%.A total of 17 fatty acids were detected in the muscle,among which essential fatty acids(EFA)accounted for19.39%of the total fatty acids(TFA)and unsaturated fatty acids(UFA)for 64.31%.The majority of the contents of amino acids and fatty acids were not significantly different between the two sexes.To sum up,Fenghua water duck had high muscle protein content,reasonable amino acids composition,rich flavor amino acids,EFA and UFA content,indicating high nutritional value and good flavor.