体育锻炼行为对老年人自测健康水平的影响——基于南京市2014年和2019年两次调查数据的分析

Influence of Physical Exercise Behavior on Self-Rated Health Level of the Elderly——Based on the Comparative Analysis of Two Survey Data of Nanjing in 2014 and 2019

目的:揭示社会经济发展水平及体育锻炼行为对老年人自测健康水平的影响。方法:利用2014年和2019年老年人自测健康与体育锻炼活动状况调查数据进行比较分析。结果:(1)随着社会经济的发展,老年人的生理健康、心理健康、社会健康,以及总体健康自评得分显著提高;(2)老年人体育意识不断增强,体育锻炼的参与度与质量明显改善;(3)影响老年人自测健康水平的主要因素越来越多,其中体育锻炼行为因素有所增加。结论:体育锻炼行为对老年人自测健康水平的影响越来越复杂。提示:在制定"十四五"体育发展规划中,应考虑老年人这一"变化趋势"和"影响因素",以促进我国老年体育的发展。

Through the comparative study of the self-rated health level and physical exercise behavior of the elderly in Nanjing in 2014 and 2019,this paper aims to reveal the influence of economic and social development and physical exercise behavior on self-rated health level.The results of this study are as follows.Firstly,the elderly’s physical health,mental health,social health,and overall health self-assessment scores have increased significantly with economic and social development.Secondly,as time goes by,the elderly’s awareness of physical activity continues to increase,and the level and quality of participation in physical exercise continue to improve.Lastly,there are more and more major factors affecting their self-rated health level,in which the influence of physical exercise behavior increases.It concludes that the influence of physical exercise behavior on self-rated health level of the elderly are complicated.It reminds us that in formulating the"14th Five-Year"sports development plan,we should consider the change trend and influencing factors of the elderly to promote the development of sports for the elderly in China.