论国际投资协定中公平公正待遇的义务要素

Research on the Obligation Elements of Fair and Equitable Treatment in International Investment Agreement

义务要素分析已成为国际投资仲裁实践和国际投资协定的发展趋势之一。国际投资实践表明,在不同规定模式下公平公正待遇义务要素的独立性不同。违反独立义务要素直接导致违反公平公正待遇,而非独立义务要素不能单独适用以确定是否违反公平公正待遇,通常是在确定问题行为是否达到责任程度的过程中发挥作用。尽管仲裁实践中仲裁庭对义务要素的解释逐渐转向在投资者与东道国之间寻求利益平衡,但在国际投资协定中将公平公正待遇义务要素明晰化和具体化,能够为仲裁庭的利益平衡解释提供法律支撑,同时也能缓解东道国对于被投资者诉至国际仲裁庭的担忧。对此,我国可采用三种方式优化公平公正待遇条款:在序言中设置投资者与东道国利益平衡的原则性条款;明确公平公正待遇的具体义务内容和责任门槛;设置公平公正待遇例外条款。

The independence of obligation elements of the FET standard is different under different models.The non-independent obligation elements cannot be used alone to determine whether it violates fair and equitable treatment,it usually plays a role in determining whether the problematic behavior has reached the level of responsibility.The method explicitly stated in the FET clause could provide legal support for the intere balance interpretation of tribunal,and is more helpful to alleviate the concern about being sued by interstor to the international arbitration tribunal.In this regard,China could adopt the approach of inserting a principle provision for balancing interest in the preamble,specifying clear content elements and fixed liability threshold of FET clause,and setting exceptions for its application.