城市河道再生水特征水质因子空间变异机制分析

Analysis on the Spatial Variability Mechanism of the Characteristic Water Quality Factors of Urban River Channel Reclaimed Water

受城市污水处理厂处理工艺的限制和水源来源复杂等因素限制,再生水中富含的无机氮和痕量持久性有机物在河湖补给过程中通过侧向渗漏或生物累积的方式造成潜在人体健康风险.探究再生水补给河道不同类型再生水特征水质因子空间变异规律及其成因对于河湖管理具有重要意义.以北运河京津冀段为研究区域,借助于聚类、判别、主成分和方差分解等方法探究河道水质中常规理化指标、全量指标、无机氮指标、盐分离子和抗生素的空间变化特征.结果表明,不同类型的水质因子虽然在空间分布格局模式具有一致性,均呈现显著的中上游与下游分布,但变异程度和变异机制存在较大差异.无机氮和抗生素空间变化最为明显,而常规理化指标和全量指标变异最弱,盐分离子表现为中等程度的变异.常规理化指标空间变异机制主要体现为以微生物降解为主;全量指标则是由微生物、扩散和二者的协同作用及一定程度源汇同质化效应综合作用的结果;扩散是影响盐分离子空间变异模式的主要作用机制;无机氮空间变异机制主要体现为源汇同质化和微生物降解,扩散作为无机氮空间变异的次要机制与微生物降解具有协同作用;抗生素因化学结构稳定性和生物可降解性存在较大差异,从而表现为较高的空间变异性,且扩散与微生物协同作用最强.成果是基于方差分解的水质空间变异机制的定量解析,对河流污染物空间变异成因和河流管理具有实际指导意义.

Due to the limitations of the treatment process of urban sewage treatment plants and the complexity of water sources, the rich inorganic nitrogen and trace persistent organic matter in the reclaimed water cause potential human health risks through lateral leakage or bioaccumulation during the replenishment process of rivers and lakes. Exploring the distribution law of different types of reclaimed water characteristic water quality factors and their formation in reclaimed water replenishment river channels is of great significance to river and lake management. This study takes the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei section of the North Canal as the research area and explores the spatial variation characteristics of conventional physical parameters, full index, inorganic nitrogen, and salinity hydronium antibiotics in river water quality with the help of clustering, discrimination, principal components, and variance decomposition. The results showed that, although the spatial distribution patterns of different types of water quality factors were consistent, they all showed significant mid-upstream and downstream distribution;however, there were big differences in the degree of variation and the mechanism of variation. The spatial variation of inorganic nitrogen and antibiotics was the most obvious, whereas the variation in conventional physical parameters and the full index was the weakest, and the salinity hydronium showed moderate variation. The spatial variation mechanism of conventional physical parameters was mainly reflected in microbial degradation. The full index was the result of the combined effect of microorganisms, diffusion, the synergy of the two, and a certain degree of source-sink homogeneity. Diffusion was the main mechanism affecting the spatial variation in salinity hydronium. The spatial variation mechanism of inorganic nitrogen was mainly reflected in the source-sink homogenization and microbial degradation;as a secondary mechanism of the spatial variation of inorganic nitrogen, diffusion had a synergistic mode with microbial degradation. Antibiotics, which have great differences in chemical structural stability and biodegradability, showed high spatial variability and had the highest diffusion and microbial synergy mechanism. This research provides a quantitative analysis of the spatial variability mechanism of water quality based on variance decomposition, which has practical guiding significance for the causes of the spatial variability of river pollutants and river management.