三峡水库调度对支流水体叶绿素a和环境因子垂向分布的影响

Effects of the Three Gorges Reservoir Operation on Vertical Distribution of Chlorophyll a and Environmental Factors in Tributaries

采用2018年三峡水库7~8月(低水位期)和10月(蓄水变动期)对库区支流香溪河和神农溪水文水动力和环境因子的监测数据,分析香溪河和神农溪的叶绿素a等指标在不同调度时期垂向分布特征,讨论不同时期影响其垂向分布的原因.结果表明,低水位期香溪河和神农溪的溶解氧、水温、pH值和叶绿素a垂向分布规律较为一致,各指标在0~10 m(叶绿素a在0~5 m)分层明显且整体上随水深增加而减小,热分层稳定指数(RWCS/H)为13.71~29.07 m^(-1),分层稳定,水深10 m(叶绿素a为5 m)后各指标沿水深趋于稳定;蓄水变动期,各指标无明显分层,热分层稳定指数为0~0.50 m^(-1),水体稳定性较弱,各指标垂向上变化相对稳定;香溪河和神农溪表层水体综合营养状态指数(TLI)在低水位期分别为55和53,处于轻度富营养状态,在蓄水变动期分别为39和46,处于中营养状态.线性回归分析显示,低水位期两支流水体中的叶绿素a、溶解氧、水温和pH值在垂向上相关性显著,溶解氧、水温分层和pH值是影响叶绿素a垂向分布的重要因素.高水位期干流水体的大量倒灌、支流较大的水位波动和RWCS/H的降低等是水体未分层且各指标垂向变化较小的重要影响因素;水体垂向掺混的增强和Z;/Z;的减小是影响水体营养状态的关键因素.

The hydrodynamics and environmental factors in the Xiangxi River(XXR) and Shennong River(SNR), which are tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR), were monitored from July to August(the low water level period) and in October(the impoundment period) in 2018. The vertical distribution characteristics of chlorophyll a and other indicators of the two tributaries were analyzed during the different operation periods, and the factors that affected the vertical distribution in each period were discussed. The results showed that the vertical distribution of dissolved oxygen, water temperature, pH value, and chlorophyll a of the XXR and SNR during the low water level period was relatively consistent. The indexes 0-10 m(0-5 m for chlorophyll a) from the surface of the XXR and SNR, respectively, showed significant stratification and decreased with increasing water depth;the stability index of thermal stratification(RWCS/H) was 13.71-29.07 m^(-1), which was stable. After the water depth reached 10 m(5 m for chlorophyll a), the indexes tended to be stable along the water depth. During the impoundment period, there was no obvious stratification for each index;the stability index of thermal stratification was 0-0.5 m^(-1), the stability of the water body was weak, and the vertical variation of each index was relatively stable. The comprehensive trophic state index(TLI) of the XXR and SNR were 55 and 53 during the low water level period, respectively, indicating that they were in a slightly eutrophic state, and 39 and 46 during the impoundment period, respectively, indicating a mesotrophic state. Linear regression analysis showed that chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, and pH in the two tributaries were significantly correlated in the vertical direction in the low water level period, indicating that dissolved oxygen, water temperature stratification, and pH were important factors affecting the vertical distribution of chlorophyll a. During the impoundment period, a large amount of backflow from the Yangtze River, a large fluctuation in tributary water level, and the decrease in RWCS/H were the important factors that affected the small vertical change in the water body. The enhancement of vertical mixing and the decrease in Z;/Z;were the key factors affecting the nutritional status of the water.