旋转液面的光学性质探究及应用

Research and application of optical properties of rotating liquid surface

匀速旋转的圆柱形容器带动其中盛放的液体围绕容器中心轴匀速旋转时,液体的表面在离心力与重力的综合作用下会形成一个抛物面.该抛物面的光学焦距与重力加速度和转速有关,从而利用该装置测量了本地的重力加速度,并利用抛物面聚光的性质制成了一个简易的反射式牛顿焦点系统望远镜,还测定了望远镜的横向放大率与转速之间的关系.

While the cylindrical container is rotating around the central axis,the liquid contained in it is driven to rotate around the same axis at the same time.At a relatively stable state that the rotational speed of the liquid is nearly constant,a paraboloid can be formed on the surface of the liquid due to the combined action of gravity and the centrifugal force.Since the optical focal distance of the paraboloid is only related to the local acceleration of gravity and the rotate speed of the container,this equipment can be used to measure the g of the local place.What is more,the optical focal ability enables it to be used as the main reflector of a simple Newtonian-Focal-System telescope.And the lateral magnification of this telescope is also a property that can be measured.