“变风易俗”:王符对风俗与政治关系的新阐释

“Changing Customs”:Wang Fu’s New Thinking on the Relationship between Customs and Politics

面对东汉中后期的各种鄙风陋俗,王符吸收两汉"诸子"的"移风易俗"思想,通过分析民间的风俗事象,剖析政治与风俗之间的关系,打破传统的"以德化俗"思想,将法家思想引入"移风易俗"领域,形成了以"德法兼综"为原则的"变风易俗"思想。该思想包括"以德化俗""以法治俗""选贤易俗""重本抑末以易俗"四个方面,使得风俗秩序与政治秩序达到和谐与补益,对后世产生了深远的影响。但贪婪腐朽的统治者恰恰是这些鄙风陋俗的始作俑者,注定了他们难以践行"变风易俗"思想,要真正改善风俗就只能依靠改朝换代了。

Inthe face of all kinds of vulgar customs in the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty,Wang Fu absorbed the ideas of “changing customs” from the “philosophers” of the two Han Dynasties.By analyzing the folk customs and the relationship between politics and customs,Wang Fu broke the traditional idea of “changing customs by virtue”,and introduced legalism into the field of “changing customs”,which formed the idea of “changing customs” based on the principle of “combining morality and law”.The thought includes “to transform the customs by virtue”,“to govern the customs by law”,“to change the customs by sage” and “to change the customs by valuing the root rather than the end”.It makes the customs order and political order harmonious and beneficial,and has a far-reaching impact on later generations.However,the greedy and decadent rulers were exactly the originators of these vulgar customs,which made it difficult for them to practice the idea of “changing customs”.To improve the customs,they had to rely on changing dynasties.