从文本到实践:民间小戏研究的范式转换及其演进路径

From Text to Practice:The Paradigm Shift and Its Evolution Path of Chinese Short Folk Opera Research

民间小戏是中国戏曲的构成部分之一,也是中国民间文艺的重要组成部分。民间小戏研究长期滞后于传统大戏研究。在以民间文学为研究对象的民间文艺学领域,神话、故事、史诗研究巍巍壮观,民间小戏研究有待进一步加强。民间小戏研究自民国以来经历了从文本层面的小戏转变为语境层面的小戏和生活实践层面的小戏的认知过程,形成了文本作品研究范式、文化语境研究范式和艺人实践研究范式。民间小戏研究范式的转换与演进受到社会文化思潮、学科建设发展、代表性学术论著和研究方法应用等因素的影响。乡村振兴战略的实施为民间小戏振兴及民间小戏研究提供了机遇,在乡村振兴的文化实践中,民间小戏的艺人实践研究范式仍然是民间小戏研究的未来趋向。

The short folk opera is one of the constituent parts of Chinese opera,as well as an important part of Chinese folk literature and art.However,the short folk opera research has long lagged orthodox opera research.In the field of folk literature and art that takes folk literature as its research object,great achievements have been made in fields of myths,stories and epics while the short folk opera research still needs to be further strengthened.Since the Republic of China,the short folk opera research has experienced the cognitive process from opera at the level of text to opera in cultural context,and then to opera at the level of life practice,forming paradigm of textual works research,cultural context research and artist practice research respectively.The transformation and evolution of the paradigm of short folk opera have been influenced by social and cultural trends of thought,the development of discipline construction,representative academic works and the application of research methods.The implementation of rural revitalization strategy provides opportunities for the revitalization and research of short folk opera.In the cultural practice of rural revitalization,the paradigm of artist practice research is still the future trend of the short folk opera research.