涉智能网联汽车犯罪的刑法理论与适用

The Theory and Application of Criminal Law Involving Intelligent Networked Vehicles

智能网联汽车技术的刑事风险主要有:智能网联汽车因程序设置瑕疵,所引发的“内忧”;智能网联汽车受外界干扰,所引起的“外患”。智能网联汽车的研发者、生产者面临的刑事风险相较使用者等其他主体可能更大。在涉智能网联汽车犯罪的刑事责任认定时应遵循“打折”分配原则,即根据汽车自动驾驶智能等级程度,对各相关主体所应承担的刑事责任按照一定比例进行划分。智能网联汽车自动驾驶模式下违反交通运输管理法规引发交通事故的,应以重大责任事故罪追究智能网联汽车程序设置研发者、生产者的刑事责任。智能网联汽车超载运输,危害公共安全,应以危险驾驶罪追究智能网联汽车所有人、管理人的刑事责任。行为人对处于自动驾驶模式下的智能网联汽车使用暴力或者抢控自动驾驶程序所控制的驾驶操纵装置,干扰智能网联汽车正常行驶、危害公共安全的行为,应按妨害安全驾驶罪论处。

The criminal risks arising from the intelligent networked vehicles technology in-clude the internal worries caused by the flaws in program setting and the external troubles caused by external interference.The criminal risks faced by the developers and producers of intelligent networked vehicles may be greater than those of users.When the liabilities involving these crimes are determined,the principle of making a discount should be applied,i.e.to divide the responsi-bility of each relevant subject according to the certain proportion according to the degree of the autopilot's intelligent level.If a traffic accident is caused by a violation of traffic and transporta-tion regulations in the intelligent networked vehicle auto-driving mode,the developer and manu-facturer of the intelligent networked vehicle program should be held responsible for the crime of major liability accident.If the intelligent networked vehicles are overloaded for transportation and endanger public safety,the owners and managers of intelligent networked vehicles should be held responsible for the crime of dangerous driving.If people use violence to take control or wrest the intelligent networked vehicle under the auto-driving mode,interfere with the normal driving and endanger public safety,they shall be punished for the crime of obstructing safe driving.