美国的国际公域化想象和南海秩序:主权、海域、机制

The U.S. Promotion of Internationalization and the Legal Order of the South China Sea: Sovereignty, Maritime Rights and Dispute Settlement

国际公域化是弱化公域化对象的主权和海洋权利属性,以此处理或解决主权和海域争端的一种秩序安排。美国在南海以对中国遏制为目的,通过所谓的“以规则为基础”操作,并以“南海仲裁案”为抓手,推动旨在否定中国主权和海洋权利的激进公域化路线。美国的这一南海国际公域化想象,聚焦在其试图废止主权、海洋权利和进行非军事化的区域——混合着主权和海域争端的主权敏感海域。“以规则为基础”缺乏正当性并存在不确定性。在本身就孕育着冲突风险的主权敏感海域,旨在否定主权和海洋权利的激进公域化路线,不仅没有降低冲突风险,反而随遏制的冲动日益增大。“准则”谈判应该对此进行评估并摸索更为和平和安定并具有现实意义的南海秩序。

"Internationalization"diminishes the attributes of sovereignty and maritime rights.By introducing various institutions,it rebuilds the post-war order over a conquered land,man-ages the order over disputed land,and handles maritime disputes.In the South China Sea,the United States has moved toward a more radical"internationalization."In particular,in the sovereign-sensitive waters where territorial and maritime disputes mix,the U.S.gradually formu-lates a policy to abolish sovereignty and maritime rights and to demand demilitarization.The movement is driven by its determined policy of containing China and backed up by an asserted"rule-based order"brought to the extreme through the"South China Sea Arbitration."However,"rule-based order"lacks legitimacy and sustainability.The U.S.perceived"internationalization"cannot manage the disputes in the sovereign-sensitive waters where the risk of conflict is inher-ent to the sovereign claims.The"Code of Conduct in the South China Sea(COC)"negotiation should review this and explore a more peaceful,stable,and realistic order in the South China Sea.