添加发酵玉米秸秆对松辽黑猪养分消化、肉品质及生长性能的影响

Effects of Supplementation of Fermented Corn Stalk on Nutrient Digestibility,Meat Quality and Growth Performance of Songliao Black Swine

使用发酵玉米秸秆(Fermented corn stalks,FCS)整体替代基础日粮,研究基础日粮与FCS的组合效应对松辽黑猪不同育肥阶段养分消化、屠宰性能、肌肉品质、生长性能以及经济效益的影响,以确定FCS的适宜添加水平。选取96头平均体质量为(60.52±4.59)kg的健康松辽黑猪,随机分为4组,每组3次重复,每次重复8头猪。试验分为2个育肥阶段:育肥1阶段(60~90 kg)和育肥2阶段(90~120 kg)。1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;2组、3组、4组分别用6%、12%、18%的FCS对基础饲粮进行整体替代,饲养期为80 d(40 d+40 d)。结果表明:2组结束体质量与平均日增重显著高于4组(P<0.05);料重比1组、2组显著低于3组、4组(P<0.05)。2组粗蛋白、粗脂肪消化率与1组相比分别提高2.27%、1.33%;粗纤维消化率1组、2组显著高于3组、4组(P<0.05);中性洗涤纤维消化率1组显著高于4组(P<0.05)。各组屠宰率差异不显著,背膘厚随FCS添加量的增加而降低。2组24 h滴水损失最低,显著低于3组(P<0.05),熟肉率1组与2组差异不显著。经济效益计算分析表明,各组饲料成本随FCS添加量增加而升高,2组收益最高,高于1组14.17元/头。综上,日粮中使用6%FCS替代基础日粮,调节日粮营养水平可提高松辽黑猪饲料养分消化率、肉品质、生长性能及经济效益,使用6%FCS替代基础日粮效果最佳。

Fermented corn stalk(FCS)was used to replace the basic diets and the effects of dietary nutrient levels on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,slaughter performance,meat quality,and economic benefits of different growth stages of Songliao black swine were studied to determine the appropriate level of substitution for fermented corn stalk.A total of 96 healthy Songliao black pigs with an average body weight of(60.52±4.59)kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 8 pigs per replicate.The test was divided into two fattening stages:fattening stage 1(60-90 kg)and fattening stage 2(90-120 kg).Group 1 represents the control group and pigs in this group were fed the basal diet.Group 2,Group 3 and Group 4 were the trial groups and pigs in these groups were fed with 6%,12%and 18%fermented corn stalk,respectively.The experimental period lasted for 80 days(40 days+40 days).At the end of the experiment,the growth performance,slaughter performance,nutrient digestibility,and meat quality of Songliao black swine were tested.The results showed as follows:The final body weight and average daily weight gain of group 2 were significantly higher than those of group 4(P<0.05).In addition,the feed conversation ratio of group 1 and group 2 was significantly lower(P<0.05)than group 3 and group 4.The digestibility of crude protein and crude fat in group 2 increased by 2.27%and 1.33%compared with group 1.The digestibility of crude fiber in group 1 and group 2 was significantly higher(P<0.05)than that in group 3 and group 4.The digestibility of neutral detergent fiber in group 1 was significantly higher than group 4(P<0.05).The difference in the slaughter rate was not significant(P>0.05)in each group and the back fat thickness decreased with the increase of FCS addition.The loss of drip in 24 hours was lower in group 2,which was significantly lower than that in group 3(P<0.05).The rate of cooked meat in group 1 was not significantly different from that in group 2.Calculation and analysis of economic benefits show that the feed cost of all the groups increased with the increase of FCS addition,but the economic benefits of group 2 was the highest.The economic benefits of each pig in group 2 was higher than group 1 by 14.17 yuan.In summary:the use of 6%FCS to replace the basic diet may adjust the nutritional levels of the diet,and hence improve the growth performance,economic benefits,feed nutrient digestibility,and meat quality of Songliao black swine.