企业数据财产化保护进路探析

EXPLORATION AND ANALYSIS OF ENTERPRISE DATA PROTECTION IN WAY OF PROPERTY RIGHT

随着大数据时代的到来,数字经济盛行,数据产品和数据服务为企业带来了不小的经济效益,对于部分互联网企业,数据甚至成为核心的生产力要素。在数字经济大背景下,企业数据侵权纠纷不断,然而探析当下立法和司法实践发现,企业数据保护法律制度体系尚未建立,裁判实务亦缺乏统一的依据。梳理学术界所提出的企业数据保护路径发现,新型财产权保护说、行为规制保护说、情景化保护说均有一定合理性,但也各有其自身的局限性。因而,可依照情景化保护路径思路,借鉴英美法系的“准财产权”,进行财产权保护路径完善,设立有限排他性企业数据财产权,并结合商业秘密制度对企业数据进行有效保护。

With the advent of big data era,digital economy prevails,data products and data services bring a lot of economic benefits to enterprises,and data even becomes the core factor of productivity for some Internet enterprises.In the context of the digital economy,enterprise data infringement disputes abound.However,upon analysis of current legislative and judicial practices,it is found that enterprise data protection legal system has not yet been established and judgment practice lacks unified criterion.It is found that the theories of new property right protection,behavioral regulation protection and situational protection are reasonable to some extent,but they also have their own limitations.Therefore,we can improve the path of property right protection according to the situational protection path and in the light of the“quasi-property right”in common law system,establish limited and exclusive enterprise data property right,and thereby effectively protect enterprise data in combination with the trade secret system.