江户初期幕府对长崎唐人住宿制度的调整

The Adjustment of the Lodging Policy for Tojin in Nagasaki by the Shogunate in the Early Period of Edo

江户初期长崎贸易勃兴,唐船商人于此中贡献突出,与住宅唐人共同构成当时长崎的唐人主体。最初唐船商人自由散居于市中,但随着与商品市场广泛接触,问题不断滋生。幕府为了强化管理,不断对唐人的住宿形式进行调整,自由散居逐渐发展为有条件的“差宿制”,进而到有限制的“宿町制”。最终在锁国政策的推进下于元禄二年(1689)开设唐馆,令到港唐商聚居于长崎一隅。江户初期长崎唐人的住宿制度经历了两个层次的变化,即由“私”到“公”性质的渐变,以及由“散”到“聚”形式的转变。住宿制度是江户幕府的唐人管理中的重要事项之一,江户幕府从保证利益和维护统制出发,适时地调整唐人在长崎的住宿形式,从一个方面反映了日本当时对外政策的变化过程。

The trade in Nagasaki flourished in the 17th century.The Chinese merchants came by commercial ship and the inhabitants in Nagasaki together constituted the main body of the Tojin(Chinese)in Nagasaki.At the beginning,Chinese were allowed to scatter within the city as well as engage in trading activities.However,with the extensive contact between Chinese and Japanese,problems emerged,while the nature of lodging also changed from private to public,which is gradually restricted.Finally,Chinese Residence had been built in 1689,since then Chinese merchants were forced to live in a compact community instead of scattering.The form of lodging was an important item in the policy of the Tokugawa shogunate.The Tokugawa shogunate adjusted the lodging system for Chinese in Nagasaki timely on the basis of the interests and policies.Therefore,the change of the lodging form in Nagasaki reflected the changing process of Japan’s foreign policy at that time to a certain extent.