布罗代尔的通史意识:对“长时段”的再思考

The Consciousness of “Universal History” in Fernand Braudel’s Historical Narration--Rethinking on “Longue Durée”

费尔南·布罗代尔的"长时段"理论,常以历史变化中"多重节律"的"时间"面貌而广为人知。但在布罗代尔看来,"空间"与"时间"对于"长时段"同样重要。在历史编纂实践的探索中,布罗代尔试图将"时间"和"空间"统一起来,展现出宽宏的"通史"意识。这种时间和空间的统一首先意味着,布罗代尔尝试基于历史经验的综合性建立一门综合学科,其次,还意味着在历史断裂的框架下思考历史事件和历史遗存。在"通史"语境中重视"长时段"的"空间",重启"历史时空"关系的思考,有助于从认识论根源上破除"历史即时间科学"的刻板印象,为"过去的解放"寻找更多的可能路径。

Fernand Braudel’s "longue durée"theory was widely known for its "time"appearance of"multiple rhythms"in historical changes.While in Braudel’s view,the thought of"space"is just as important as time for his"longue durée"theory.In his practice of historical narration,Braudel tried to unify"time"and"space",showing a broad consciousness of"universal history".This unity of time and space firstly means that Braudel attempts to establish a comprehensive discipline based on the integrity of historical experience.Secondly,it also means rethinking about historical events and historical relics within the framework of the rupture of history.In the context of"universal history",paying attention to the "space"of "longue durée"and restarting the thinking of the relationship between"historical time and historical space"will help to break the stereotype of"history is a science of time"from the root of epistemology and find more possible path ways for "the liberation of the past".