西班牙第二共和国的教育改革及其历史意义

Education Reform in the Second Spanish Republic and Its Historical Significance

随着广泛的共和派一社会主义左翼联盟的缔结,1931年4月,西班牙第二共和国宣告成立。左翼知识分子追求以教育实现国家现代化的传统以及政府传播共和思想的需求,共同促使教育改革成为共和国一系列社会变革的先声。凭借推动教育世俗化、培养先进的共和国教师、推广大众和乡村教育等举措,共和思想得到广泛传播,教育改革取得了丰硕成果。然而,由于共和政府对社会根本矛盾的忽视与处置失当,改革失去了群众支持,左翼联盟内部矛盾激化;另一方面,西班牙社会长期深受教权主义、君主主义与寡头政治的影响,右翼集团的阻挠与破坏不仅导致了改革的搁浅,也在随后颠覆了共和国的政权。教育改革的兴起与失败可视为西班牙第二共和国兴废的缩影,与此同时,其作为西班牙民主化、现代化进程的重要组成部分,在当今依然引发着回响。

With the establishment of the extensive Republican-Socialist Left Wing Alliance,the Second Spanish Republic was founded in April 1931.The tradition of left-wing intellectuals seeking to modernize the country through education and the government’s need to spread republican ideas combined to make educational reform the precursor of a series of social changes in the Republic.The Education reform achieved fruitful results by promoting education secularization,training advanced teachers for the Republic,promoting public and rural education and so on.However,due to the neglect and improper handling of the fundamental social contradictions by the government of the Republic,the reform lost the support of the masses with intensifying internal contradictions within the Left Wing Alliance.On the other hand,Spanish society had been deeply influenced by theocracy,monarchy and oligarchy for a long time.The obstruction and destruction of the right-wing groups not only led to the deadlock of the reform,but also later subverted the regime of the Republic.The rise and failure of the education reform can be regarded as the epitome of the establishment and collapse of the Second Spanish Republic.At the same time,as an important part of Spain’s democratization and modernization process,there is still has its own influences today.