薏苡农艺性状和产量的关系研究

Study on the Relationship Between Agronomic Traits and Yield of Coix

为了分析薏苡农艺性状变异特征,探索决定薏苡单株产量的主要农艺性状,为优选薏苡高产品种提供参考,以贵薏1号、兴仁小白壳和云南师宗小黑壳为研究对象,在成熟期对薏苡株高、分枝数、各节位分枝粒数等20个主要农艺性状进行田间考察,采用相关分析和通径分析等方法分析薏苡主要农艺性状之间的关系,以明确薏苡单株产量形成的主要决定因子。结果表明:薏苡主要农艺性状变异丰富,变异系数为2.20%~39.88%,其中以单株总实粒数的变异系数最大;相关分析发现,薏苡的单株总实粒数、结实率与单株产量呈显著正相关,始结实节位与单株产量呈显著负相关;通径分析显示,影响薏苡单株产量的关键农艺性状依次为一级分枝数、单株总实粒数、株高、始结实节位和有二级分枝的节数。对分枝性状进行分析,发现不同节位间分枝性状的变异幅度不同,其变异系数为17.01%~73.78%;节位粒数、二级分枝小花数和二级分枝结果数与薏苡单株产量呈极显著或显著正相关;影响薏苡单株产量的关键分枝性状依次为节位粒数、一级分枝顶端结果数、二级分枝顶端小花数及二级分枝结果数。综合分析,薏苡具有丰富的遗传多样性,株型较高、始结实节位低、分枝数多且分枝上结实能力强的薏苡品种产量较高。

In order to analyze the variation characteristic of agronomic traits of Coix, explore the main agronomic characters that determine the yield of coix per plant, and provide reference for the selection of high yield varieties of coix, the varieties of Guiyi No.1,Xingren Xiaobaike and Yunnan Shizong Xiaoheike were used as the research materials, 20 main agronomic traits of coix were investigated in the field, such as the plant height, tillers, total grains per plant, branches and grains number of per node.Correlation analysis and path analysis were used to analyze the relationship among the main agronomic characters of coix in order to determine the main determinants of yield per plant of coix.The results showed that the variation of main agronomic characters of coix was rich, and the coefficient of variation was 2.20%-39.88%,in which the coe-fficient of variation of total grain number per plant was the highest.Correlation analysis showed that the total grain number and seed setting rate of coix were significantly positively correlated with the yield per plant, and the initial fruiting node was negatively correlated with the yield per plant.Path analysis showed that the key agronomic characters affecting coix yield per plant were the number of primary branches, total filled grains per plant, plant height, initial fruiting nodes and nodes with secondary branches.Based on the analysis of branching characters, it was found that the variation ranges of branching characters were different among different nodes, and the coefficient of variation was 17.01%-73.78%.The number of grains in nodes, the number of florets in secondary branches and the number of fruit in secondary branches were extremely significantly or significantly positively correlated with the yield of coix per plant.The key branching characters affecting the yield per plant of coix were the number of nodes, the number of top fruit of the first branch, the number of top florets of the second branch and the fruit number of the second branch.It can be seen that Coix has rich genetic diversity, and the coix varieties with higher plant type, lower initial fruiting node position, more branches and strong fruiting ability on the branches have higher yield.