旧影潮音话普陀——20世纪前期外国人镜头中的普陀山

Talking about Putuo Based on Some Old Pictures Taken by Foreigners——Mount Putuo in the Foreigner Lens in the Early 20th Century

普陀山作为具有优美海洋风光的海岛自然景观和深厚佛教底蕴的观音文化圣地,是自然与人文双重景观。相传起源于五代时来华求法的日本僧人慧鄂,宋以后历代维护、创建,留下了诸多的佛寺建筑和人文遗迹。自鸦片战争和摄影术发明以来,外国人更多地进入中国沿海和内地从事传教布道、探险旅行或军事侦查活动,留下的诸多关于普陀山的影像,是定格当时普陀山人文建筑、自然景观的直观体现,是清末民初社会生活的缩影。相关外文图集的出版提升了外国读者对中国建筑艺术和历史文化的认识。今天,借助这些外国人所拍照片,可以获得超越于本土文献之外的直观感知,对了解当时建筑艺术形态的发展演变,复原已损毁的文化景观原貌都可供重要的图像资料。

Mount Putuo,as an island natural landscape with beautiful ocean scenery and a sacred place of Guanyin culture with profound Buddhist deposits,is a dual landscape of nature and humanity.It is said that Hui E,a Japanese monk who came to China to seek dharma in the Five Dynasties,maintained and built buddhist temples and cultural relics after the Song Dynasty.Since the Opium War and the invention of photography,more and more foreigners entered China's coastal and inland areas to engage in missionary work,exploration and travel,or military reconnaissance activities.Many images of Mount Putuo were the visual embodiment of the cultural architecture and natural landscape of Mount Putuo at that time and the epitome of social life in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.The publication of foreign language atlas has enhanced foreign readers'understanding of Chinese architectural art,history and culture.Today,with the help of these photos taken by foreigners,we can obtain an intuitive perception beyond the local literature,and provide important image information for understanding the development and evolution of architectural art forms at that time and restoring the original appearance of damaged cultural landscapes.