基于主成分分析法的低山丘陵区土壤厚度快速评定方法与实践——以河南省罗山县为例

Method and Practice of Rapid Evaluation of Soil Thickness in Low Mountain and Hilly Area Based on Principal Component Analysis-Taking Luoshan County,Henan Province as an Example

土壤厚度是农业生产、国土空间规划和生态保护修复等工作重要的基础信息。为探索低山丘陵区土壤厚度空间分布快速评定的有效方法,本研究对在河南省罗山县实测的593个土壤厚度数据进行了数理统计,总结了低山丘陵区土壤厚度密切相关的五种环境影响因子:坡度、土地利用类型、建造构造、海拔和植被覆盖率,并运用主成分分析法确定了上述影响因子对土壤厚度的影响权重为:0.151、0.303、0.263、0.184、0.100。最后进行了土壤厚度预测性制图,并通过野外实测土壤厚度数据进行了精度验证,结果显示该方法验证精度为72%,卡帕系数为0.672。该研究为低山丘陵区土壤厚度制图提供了一种快速高效精准的方法,为国土空间规划和生态保护修复提供技术支撑。

Soil thickness parameter is very important for agricultural production,land spatial planning and ecological protection and restoration.In order to explore an effective method to quickly evaluate the spatial distribution of soil thickness in low mountain and hilly areas,593 soil thickness data measured in Luoshan County,Henan Province were statistically analyzed.To sum up,the soil thickness was closely related to the following five environmental factors:slope,land use type,construction structure,altitude and vegetation coverage,the influence weight coeffients of which on soil thinckness are respectively 0.151,0.303,0.263,0.184 and 0.100 determined by principal component analysis.Finally,the predictive mapping of soil thickness is carried out,and the accuracy is verified by the field measured soil thickness data.The results show that the verification accuracy of this method is 72%and the kappa coefficient is 0.672.The study provides a fast,efficient and accurate method for soil thickness mapping in low mountain and hilly areas,and technical support for land spatial planning and ecological protection and restoration.