基于遥感的郑州市近十年土地利用时空变化及驱动力分析

Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Changes and Driving Forces of Land Using in Zhengzhou in Recent Ten Years Based on Remote Sensing

土地利用的动态特征及演变趋势,对指导城市建设和规划具有重要意义。基于2010、2015、2020年3期土地利用遥感数据,按照最近邻法进行监督分类,通过土地利用转移矩阵、重心模型、构建测度模型等方法,对郑州市近10年间土地利用时间、结构和重心变化特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)从时间尺度看,不同阶段土地利用变化的强度和特征差异明显;2010-2020年有建设用地持续增加、耕地面积持续减少的趋势;林地和水域面积在2010-2015年间不同程度减少,但2015-2020年间则增加趋势明显。(2)从土地结构转移来看,2010-2015年间,耕地主要转变为建设用地;2015-2020年耕地大部分流入建设用地和林地,少部分转变为水域。(3)从重心模型分析,随着时间的推移建设用地重心向东偏移,林地重心向西北部偏移,耕地重心向东南部偏移,水域重心向东偏移,表明郑州市2010-2020年间城市有向东发展的趋势,而耕地空间则被进一步向城市边缘压缩。在此基础上,讨论了郑州市土地变化的主要驱动因素,其中经济活动和行政决策是主要驱动力。

The dynamic characteristics and evolution trend of land use are of great significance to urban construction and planning.Based on the remote sensing data of land use in 2010,2015 and 2020,this paper conducted supervised classification according to the nearest neighbor method,and analyzed the temporal,fabric and focus change characteristics of land use in Zhengzhou City in recent 10 years through land use transfer matrix,focus model and measurement model.The results showed that:(1)the intensity and characteristics of land use change in different stages differed significantly from time scale.The use of construction land continued to increase and the cultivated land continued to decrease from 2010 to 2020.The area of forestland and water decreased in different degrees from 2010 to 2015,but increased significantly from 2015 to 2020.(2)in the terms of land transfer,most of cultivated land was converted into construction land and forestland,while a small part into water from 2015 to 2020.(3)According to the focus model analysis,the change trend of the focus of all kinds of land use in Zhengzhou City from 2010 to 2020 mainly shows that the government shifted the land use focus of construction land to the east,forestland to the northwest,cultivated land to the southeast,and water area to the east over time,indicating that Zhengzhou City has been in an eastward development trend from 2010 to 2020,and the cultivated land space has been further compressed towards the urban edge.On this basis,the main driving factors of land use change in Zhengzhou City is discussed as economic activities and administrative decision-making.