宪法实施中立法的裁量空间

On Legislative Discretion in the Implementation of the Chinese Constitution

为了最优地实现"以人民为中心"的宪法精神,通过立法的宪法实施就必然面临立法干预宪法权利与宪法权利保障之间的合比例问题。宪法实施可以分为政治实施、制度实施和规范实施。宪法的政治实施之外,以确定性和客观性见长的制度实施与规范实施不可或缺。宪法规范包含形式原则与实质原则。形式原则不仅赋予立法权以民主合法性,而且还支持其享有一定的自主裁量空间。对立法的合宪性控制最核心的问题是确定立法权的自主裁量空间的范围,也即形式原则与实质原则的权衡。在德国法关于比例原则的讨论中,建立一个包括侵犯程度、抽象重力以及经验认知程度的称重指标体系,可以更理性客观地实现对立法的合宪性审查,这对于我国的全国人大宪法与法律委员会行使立法的合宪性审查职能具有重要的方法论意义。

In order to make the constitution fully"for the people,"the implementation of the constitution through legislation is inevitably confronted with the problem of maintaining the proportion between legislative intervention in and the protection of constitutional rights.The implementation of constitution includes political,institutional,and normative implementations.The political implementation of constitution is undoubtedly crucial,yet the institutional and normative implementations are also indispensable.The constitutional norms consist of formal and substantive principles.The former not only makes legislative power democratically legitimate,but also supports its owning due discretionary space.The key to control legislative constitutionality is to determine how far the independent discretionary space of legislative power can reach,that is,to keep the balance between formal and substantive principles.According to the discussion of the principle of proportion in German law,the establishment of a weighing index system including the degree of infringement,abstract gravity,and experience cognition can help to more rationally and objectively examine whether the legislation accords with the constitution,an important methodology for the Constitution and Law Committee of the NPC to consult with in carrying out its function of inspecting whether the legislation accords with the constitution.