如何在21世纪反对资本主义?--埃里克·赖特的资本主义批判理论评析

How to Criticize Capitalism in the 21st Century?On Erik Olin Wright’s Critical Theory of Capitalism

埃里克·赖特是当代美国著名的马克思主义理论家,一生致力于资本主义社会的批判和社会主义规划的探索。作为欧美左翼的重要代表,赖特从确立资本主义道德批判的规范基础入手,通过整合社会抗争史上的诸种策略逻辑,图绘了逐渐削弱并取代资本主义的战略愿景,展开了以经济民主为主要内容的社会主义制度设计,并对如何建构社会转型的集体行动者提出了指导原则。尽管在社会批判的方法论和社会主义的论证逻辑等方面存在局限,但赖特的批判理论以其坚定的价值立场和宏大的智识抱负,在一定程度上有助于扭转当前左翼策略匮乏、日渐分化的涣散困局,代表了21世纪欧美马克思主义的新发展。

Erik Olin Wright is a famous Marxist theorist in contemporary America,with all his life being devoted to criticizing capitalism and envisioning a real socialist project.As one of the most important representatives of the European and American left,Wright starts his criticism with establishing the normative foundation for a moral critique of capitalism,and presents the strategic vision of eroding and displacing capitalism by integrating various strategic logics in the history of social protest.He then provides a socialist institutional design based on economic democracy,and proposes the guiding principles for constructing collective agents of social transformation.Despite limitations in the methodology of social critique and the logic of argumentation of socialism,Wright’s critical theory,with its firm value stance and grand intellectual ambition,helps to a certain extent address the current left-wing dilemma characterized by strategy scarcity and deteriorating disintegration.Therefore,it represents a new trend of Marxism in Europe and America in the 21 st century.