考虑地震灾害的城市人员密集区域应急疏散路线规划

Planning of emergency evacuation routes in densely populated urban areas during earthquakes

该文以城市内某大学校园为例,研究了考虑地震灾害的城市人员密集区域应急疏散路线规划问题。首先,根据文献与现场调研确定了校园内可利用的避难场所;其次,根据不同地震加速度条件下建筑物外围墙体坠落对疏散路线通行宽度的影响,提出了"疏散虚拟墙体"概念;然后,利用Pathfinder软件(试用版)进行不同地震加速度、不同人群分布等条件下的人员逃生疏散仿真模拟,并结合人员应对行为及人群疏散过程中可能出现的出口成拱现象,对人员疏散方案进行了优化;最后,通过人员逃生疏散仿真结果对比,确定了人员疏散方案,为改善校园安全管理水平提供了支持。

This study analyzed the planning of emergency evacuation routes in densely populated urban areas after earthquakes using an urban university campus as an example.The available campus refuge places were determined from campus literature and in-person investigations.The analysis then considered the influence of a falling outer building wall onto the evacuation route for various earthquake acceleration rates using the concept of an“evacuation virtual wall”.Then,the Pathfinder software was used to develop an optimized evacuation plan for various earthquake acceleration rates,crowd distributions,personal coping behavior characteristics and exit arch phenomena that may occur during the evacuation.Finally,escape and evacuation simulation results are compared to determine the best evacuation plan to improve campus safety management.