驱动桥桥壳焊接残余应力仿真及试验验证

Simulations and experimental verification of esidual welding stresses in drive axle housings

焊接残余应力对驱动桥桥壳结构的强度有着不可忽略的影响,以试验方法研究桥壳结构的焊接残余应力成本较高,且难以获得整个结构的焊接残余应力分布。该文基于有限元法对某商用车驱动桥桥壳的焊接残余应力进行了仿真计算,考虑了焊接过程中相变引起的材料强度变化和体积变化,并与中子衍射法在桥壳焊缝附近的残余应力试验结果进行了对比,验证了仿真结果的准确性。该方法可获得桥壳焊接残余应力整体分布,为桥壳优化设计提供指导。

Residual welding stresses affect the strength of drive axle housings. The residual welding stresses in axle housings are difficult and expensive to measure, especially the residual stress distribution over the entire structure. This study simulated the residual welding stresses in a drive axle housing of a commercial vehicle using a finite element analysis, including the effects of the strength and volume changes caused by the phase change during welding. The predicted stresses near the weld compared well with experimental data from neutron diffraction measurements, which verified the accuracy of the simulated results. This method can be used to determine the residual welding stress distribution throughout the axle housing and provide guidance for the optimal design of axle housing.