反应性星形胶质细胞在中枢神经系统疾病中的作用

Role of Reactive Astrocytes in Central Nervous System Diseases

星形胶质细胞在促进突触形成和功能维持、调节中枢神经系统(CNS)血流、支持和滋养神经细胞、维持内环境稳态和血脑屏障功能等方面均具有重要作用。其中,反应性星形胶质细胞(RAS)在CNS免疫反应、神经退行性疾病中发挥重要作用。根据产生条件和生理功能不同,RAS可分为A1型和A2型,不同亚型的RAS在不同CNS疾病发生发展过程中发挥不同作用。但RAS的具体作用机制目前尚不明确,其在CNS疾病中的作用也存在争议。因此,深入研究RAS的调控靶点和通路、引导其有益的分型转化,对脑血管病、神经退行性疾病、炎性脱髓鞘疾病、癫痫、脑肿瘤等CNS疾病的治疗均具有重要意义。

Astrocytes play an important role in promoting synaptic formation and functional maintenance,regulating central nervous system(CNS)blood flow,supporting and nourishing nerve cells,maintaining homeostasis,and maintaining blood-brain barrier function.Among them,reactive astrocytes(RAS)play an important role in diseases such as CNS immune response and neurodegeneration.According to its production conditions and physiological functions,RAS can be divided into two subtypes,A1 RAS and A2 RAS.Different subtypes of RAS play different roles in the occurrence and development of different CNS diseases.At present,little is known about the specific pathophysiological functions and mechanisms of RAS in human diseases,and there is controversy about its role in CNS diseases.Therefore,it has a great research value to further study the regulatory targets and pathways of RAS to guide its transformation to beneficial typing for the treatment of CNS diseases such as cerebrovascular diseases,neurodegenerative diseases,inflammatory demyelinating diseases,epilepsy,and brain tumors.