微生物-肠-脑轴与抑郁症相关研究进展

Research Advances in Microbiota-gut-brain Axis and Depression

抑郁症是以显著而持久的情绪低落或兴趣丧失为主要症状的一组心境或情感障碍。微生物-肠-脑轴是指中枢神经系统和胃肠道之间持续的双向沟通,微生物-肠-脑轴之间的相互作用可能在抑郁症的发病机制中发挥作用。肠道微生物组成的改变可增加肠道屏障的通透性,激活全身炎症和免疫反应,调节单胺类神经递质的释放,改变下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的活性和功能及脑源性神经营养因子的丰度,最终导致抑郁症。抑郁症治疗主要针对脑区,而忽略了其他部位,未来以肠道微生物为靶点的治疗方法将成为研究重点。

Depression is a group of mood or emotional disorders with significant and lasting depression or loss of interest as the main symptom.Microbiota-gut-brain axis refers to the continuous two-way communication between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract,and the interactions between the axis may play a role in the pathogenesis of depression.Alterations in gut microbiota composition could increase the permeability of the gut barrier,activate systemic inflammation and immune responses,regulate the release and efficacy of monoamine neurotransmitters,alter the activity and function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,and modify the abundance of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,eventually leading to depression.The treatment of depression mainly focuses on the brain area,while ignoring other parts,and therapeutic methods targeting intestinal microorganisms will become the focus of research in the future.