小型穴盘苗全自动移栽机取苗机构的设计与试验

Design and test of picking seedling mechanism of small full-automatic transplanter for plug seedlings

针对国内低矮温室蔬菜大棚的尺寸限制问题,设计一种小型全自动移栽机,为提高取投苗成功率,减少穴盘苗损伤,重点对取苗机构进行了设计.该取苗机构使用气动加刹车线柔性变距机构实现变距投苗功能,与直动往复式分苗机构配套使用,可以实现静态投苗、静态接苗,提高取投苗成功率,避免出现挂苗现象,并通过试验对取投苗效果进行了检验.试验发现:针对须根类幼苗,当栽植频率为40株·min^(-1)·行^(-1)时,黄瓜苗的取苗成功率为99.31%,投苗成功率为99.31%,综合取投苗成功率达到98.61%,当栽植频率为60株·min^(-1)·行^(-1)时,黄瓜苗的取苗成功率为98.61%,投苗成功率为99.29%,综合取投苗成功率达到97.22%;针对直根类幼苗,当栽植频率为60株·min^(-1)·行^(-1)时,辣椒苗的取苗成功率为97.92%,投苗成功率为99.29%,综合取投苗成功率达到95.83%.试验结果表明,该机构满足蔬菜穴盘苗取投苗要求,且适用于不同品种蔬菜钵苗的取投苗.

To solve the size limitation of domestic small greenhouse vegetable greenhouse,a small full-automatic transplanter was designed.To improve the success rate of taking and putting seedlings and reduce the damage of plug seedlings,the seedling taking mechanism was emphatically designed.In the seedling picking mechanism,the pneumatic and brake line flexible variable distance mechanism was used to realize the variable distance seedling throwing function,which was used together with the direct acting reciprocating seedling sorting mechanism.By the proposed mechanism,the static seedling feeding and the static seedling receiving could be realized to improve the success rate of seedling taking and feeding and avoid seedling hanging.The effect of seedling taking and feeding was tested through experiments.The results show that for the fibrous root seedlings of cucumber,when the planting frequency is 40 plants·min^(-1)·row^(-1),the success rate of taking seedlings is 99.31%,and the success rate of throwing seedlings is 99.31%with the comprehensive success rate of 98.61%.When the planting frequency is 60 plants·min^(-1)·row^(-1),the success rate of taking seedlings is 98.61%,and the success rate of throwing seedling is 99.29%with the comprehensive success rate is 97.22%.For the taproot seedlings of pepper,when the planting frequency is 60 plants·min^(-1)·row^(-1),the success rate of taking seedlings is 97.92%,and the success rate of throwing seeding is 99.29%with the comprehensive success rate of 95.83%.According to the test results,the proposed mechanism can meet the requirements of taking and throwing seedlings of pot seedlings,and it is suitable for taking and throwing seedlings of different vegetables.