世界哲学图景中的《善的研究》

An Inquiry into the Good in the Landscape of World Philosophy

《善的研究》是西田几多郎发表于1911年的作品。在这部作品中,西田以"纯粹经验"概念为出发点,构建了一个从认识论到存在论、再到道德和宗教的形而上学体系。这个体系在框架结构方面与西方哲学体系高度相似,但在内容上却保持着东方思想的底色,尤其体现在西田对其同时代西方哲学传统内部对主客二元分立思维方式的批判的共鸣,以及对现代性批判的认同之上,显现出了很强的本位文化意识。作为110余年前"西学东渐"进程中东西哲学碰撞和对话的产物,《善的研究》无论在过去还是今天都是一本值得称道的哲学著作。不过在今天东西方共同建设跨文化的世界哲学的目标之下,这本著作也暴露出了在不同哲学文化之间相互学习、相互补充环节上的不足。在西田"世界主义"观的启发之下,真正有意义的世界哲学当是在消除东西方哲学的对立并互相学习的前提下,在每一种哲学充分展现自身特征的基础上共同创造出的面向未来的新哲学。

An Inquiry into the Good is a well-known work of Nishida Kitarōpublished in 1911,which embodies a systematic metaphysics based on the concept of pure experience.The form of the system largely resembles the traditional Western philosophy in that it consists of epistemology,ontology,ethics and religion;while in content,it is grounded deeply in the spirit of the East in that Nishida was sympathetic to contemporary critiques of subject-object duality and modernity from within the Western philosophical tradition.As a work published in the time when the East was learning from the West,An Inquiry into the Good is a great achievement of the East-West cultural collision and dialogue.However,facing the current task of building up a cross-cultural world philosophy,the standpoint of the book lacks the dimension of mutual learning and supplementing.Enlightened by Nishida’s conception of sekaishugi,the paper argues that only when confrontation between the East and West is eliminated,and different philosophies truly learn from each other,can a mutually transformative dialogue and a new future philosophy be possible.