中国与世界贸易组织:回顾与展望

China and the WTO:Retrospect and Prospect

值此中国加入世界贸易组织二十周年之际,2021年11月25日中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所《国际经济评论》编辑部、国际贸易研究室联合组织召开了"中国与世界贸易组织:回顾与展望"研讨会。中国加入世界贸易组织的核心是积极参与全球化、把握住重要战略机遇期、推动体制机制与国际通行规则接轨。中国加入世界贸易组织也推动了全球化的深度、广度达到最好水平。现在的国际环境与中国加入世界贸易组织时相比已经发生了深刻变化:全球化出现倒退;在全球产业链、供应链方面越来越注重意识形态以及日益强调国家安全;世界贸易组织成员从关注贸易自由化到更加关注边境后措施。区域化是对全球化进程的肢解,世界贸易组织可能成为制度之争、话语权之争和发展模式之争的场所。但只要世界贸易组织不宣布解散,它就永远是反对全球经济治理中霸权主义、保护主义和单边主义的阵地。世界贸易组织要想有所作为,就需要摒弃一些阻碍其有效运转的机制和程序。未来多边贸易体制发展的关键是融合基于规则的自由贸易、基于对等的公平贸易和基于共享的包容贸易,主要大国共同推动建立自由、公平和包容的多边贸易新秩序。

The Editorial Board of the International Economic Review journal and the International Trade Research Office,both under the Institute of World Economics and Politics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,jointly organized a seminar,themed China and the WTO:Retrospect and Prospect,on November 25,2021,the 20th anniversary of China’s accession to the World Trade Organization.The core aim of China’s accession to the WTO is to actively participate in globalization,seize the important strategic opportunities,and push the integration of institutional mechanisms with internationally accepted rules.China’s accession to the WTO has also raised the depth and breadth of globalization to the highest level.The current international environment has undergone profound changes compared with 20 years ago;globalization has regressed;ideology and national security have become increasingly important factors behind global industrial and supply chain;and WTO members have shifted their focus from trade liberalization to behind-the-border measures.Regionalization is a dismemberment of the process of globalization,and the WTO may become a venue for disputes over systems,power of discourse,and development models.But as long as the WTO does not announce its dissolution,it will always be a main force opposing hegemony,protectionism and unilateralism in global economic governance.However,if it wants to make more achievements,the WTO needs to abandon some mechanisms and procedures that hinder its effective operation.The key to the future development of the multilateral trading system is to integrate rule-based free trade,reciprocity-based fair trade,and sharing-based inclusive trade;major countries should work together to promote the establishment of a free,fair and inclusive multilateral trade order.